OBJECTIVE High comorbidity among psychiatric disorders suggests that they may share underlying neurobiological deficits. Abnormalities in cortical thickness and volume have been demonstrated in clinical samples of adults, but less is known when these structural differences emerge in youths. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between dimensions of psychopathology and brain structure. METHODS The authors studied 1,394 youths who underwent brain imaging as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Dimensions of psychopathology were constructed using a bifactor model of symptoms. Cortical thickness and volume were quantified using high-resolution 3-T MRI. Structural covariance networks were derived using nonnegative matrix factorization and analyzed using generalized additive models with penalized splines to capture both linear and nonlinear age-related effects. RESULTS Fear symptoms were associated with reduced cortical thickness in most networks, and overall psychopathology was associated with globally reduced gray matter volume across all networks. Structural covariance networks predicted psychopathology symptoms above and beyond demographic characteristics and cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a dissociable relationship whereby fear is most strongly linked to reduced cortical thickness and overall psychopathology is most strongly linked to global reductions in gray matter volume. Such results have implications for understanding how abnormalities of brain development may be associated with divergent dimensions of psychopathology.

中文翻译：

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精神病理学维度与青少年大脑结构的可分离联系的证据。

目的 精神疾病的高合并症表明它们可能具有潜在的神经生物学缺陷。在成人的临床样本中已经证实了皮质厚度和体积的异常，但当这些结构差异在年轻人中出现时，人们知之甚少。本研究的目的是检查精神病理学维度与大脑结构之间的关联。方法 作者研究了 1,394 名作为费城神经发育队列的一部分接受脑成像的年轻人。使用症状的双因素模型构建精神病理学的维度。使用高分辨率 3-T MRI 量化皮质厚度和体积。结构协方差网络是使用非负矩阵分解得出的，并使用具有惩罚样条的广义加性模型进行分析，以捕获线性和非线性与年龄相关的影响。结果 恐惧症状与大多数网络中皮质厚度的减少有关，整体精神病理学与所有网络中灰质体积的整体减少有关。结构协方差网络预测的精神病理学症状超出了人口统计学特征和认知表现。结论 结果表明存在一种可分离的关系，恐惧与皮质厚度的减少最密切相关，而整体精神病理学与灰质体积的整体减少最密切相关。