The centriole is an ancient microtubule-based organelle with a conserved nine-fold symmetry. Centrioles form the core of centrosomes, which organize the interphase microtubule cytoskeleton of most animal cells and form the poles of the mitotic spindle. Centrioles can also be modified to form basal bodies, which template the formation of cilia and play central roles in cellular signaling, fluid movement, and locomotion. In this review, we discuss developments in our understanding of the biogenesis of centrioles and cilia and the regulatory controls that govern their structure and number. We also discuss how defects in these processes contribute to a spectrum of human diseases and how new technologies have expanded our understanding of centriole and cilium biology, revealing exciting avenues for future exploration.

中文翻译：

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中心和珊瑚生物发生的机制和调控。

中心粒是一种古老的基于微管的细胞器，具有对称的九倍对称性。质心形成质体的核心，质体组织大多数动物细胞的相间微管细胞骨架，并形成有丝分裂纺锤体的两极。质心也可以被修饰以形成基体，其形成纤毛的模板并在细胞信号传导，体液运动和运动中起核心作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了对中心粒和纤毛的生物发生以及控制其结构和数量的调控控制的认识的发展。我们还将讨论这些过程中的缺陷如何导致一系列人类疾病，以及新技术如何扩展了我们对中心粒和纤毛生物学的理解，为未来的探索揭示了令人兴奋的途径。