Climate projections suggest–with substantial certainty–that global warming >1.5 °C will occur by mid-century (2050). Population is also projected to increase, amplifying the demands for food, fuel, water and sanitation, which, in turn, escalate nutrient pollution. Global projections of nutrient pollution, however, are less certain than those of climate as there are regionally decreasing trends projected in Europe, and stabilization of nutrient use in North America and Australia. In this review of the effects of eutrophication and climate on harmful algae, some of the complex, subtle, and non-intuitive effects and interactions on the physiology of both harmful and non-harmful taxa are emphasized. In a future ocean, non-harmful diatoms may be disproportionately stressed and mixotrophs advantaged due to changing nutrient stoichiometry and forms of nutrients, temperature, stratification and oceanic pH. Modeling is advancing, but there is much yet to be understood, in terms of physiology, biogeochemistry and trophodynamics and how both harmful and nonharmful taxa may change in an uncertain future driven by anthropogenic activities.

气候预测表明-可以肯定的是-到本世纪中叶（2050年），全球变暖将超过1.5°C。预计人口还将增加，从而增加对食物，燃料，水和卫生设施的需求，从而加剧营养污染。然而，全球对营养物污染的预测没有气候预测的确定性，因为欧洲预测的区域趋势将下降，北美和澳大利亚的营养物使用稳定。在对富营养化和气候对有害藻类的影响的综述中，强调了对有害和非有害类群的生理的一些复杂，微妙和非直观的影响以及相互作用。在未来的海洋中 由于变化的养分化学计量和养分形式，温度，分层和海洋pH值，无害硅藻可能会受到不成比例的压力，混合营养型生物会受到好处。建模正在推进，但是在生理学，生物地球化学和营养动力学以及在人类活动导致的不确定的将来有害和非有害分类群如何发生变化方面，还有很多尚待理解。