An increasing number of patients are being diagnosed with neurological diseases, but are rarely cured because of the lack of curative therapeutic approaches. This situation creates an urgent clinical need to develop effective diagnosis and treatment strategies for repair and regeneration of injured or diseased neural tissues. In this regard, biodegradable functional biomaterials provide promising solutions to meet this demand owing to their unique responsiveness to external stimulation fields, which enable neuro-imaging, neuro-sensing, specific targeting, hyperthermia treatment, controlled drug delivery, and nerve regeneration. This review discusses recent progress in the research and development of biodegradable functional biomaterials including electroactive biomaterials, magnetic materials and photoactive biomaterials for the management of neurological disorders with emphasis on their applications in bioimaging (photoacoustic imaging, MRI and fluorescence imaging), biosensing (electrochemical sensing, magnetic sensing and opical sensing), and therapy strategies (drug delivery, hyperthermia treatment, and tissue engineering). It is expected that this review will provide an insightful discussion on the roles of biodegradable functional biomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases, and lead to innovations for the design and development of the next generation biodegradable functional biomaterials.

越来越多的患者被诊断出患有神经系统疾病，但由于缺乏治愈性的治疗方法而很少治愈。这种情况引起了迫切的临床需要，以开发有效的诊断和治疗策略来修复和再生受伤或患病的神经组织。在这方面，可生物降解的功能性生物材料因其对外部刺激场的独特响应性而提供了满足该需求的有前途的解决方案，这使神经成像，神经感应，特异性靶向，热疗，受控药物递送和神经再生成为可能。这篇评论讨论了可生物降解的功能性生物材料（包括电活性生物材料）的研究和开发的最新进展，磁性材料和光敏生物材料，用于管理神经系统疾病，重点是它们在生物成像（光声成像，MRI和荧光成像），生物传感（电化学传感，磁传感和光学传感）和治疗策略（药物输送，热疗，和组织工程）。预期该评论将对可生物降解的功能性生物材料在神经疾病的诊断和治疗中的作用提供深刻的讨论，并为下一代可生物降解的功能性生物材料的设计和开发带来创新。和治疗策略（药物输送，热疗和组织工程）。预期该评论将提供有关生物可降解功能性生物材料在神经疾病诊断和治疗中的作用的有见地的讨论，并为下一代可生物降解功能性生物材料的设计和开发带来创新。和治疗策略（药物输送，热疗和组织工程）。预期该评论将对可生物降解的功能性生物材料在神经疾病的诊断和治疗中的作用提供深刻的讨论，并为下一代可生物降解的功能性生物材料的设计和开发带来创新。