Opioid administration in preclinical models induces long-lasting adaptations in reward and habit circuitry. The latest research demonstrates that in the nucleus accumbens, opioid-induced excitatory synaptic plasticity involves presynaptic and postsynaptic elements as well as adjacent astroglial processes and the perisynaptic extracellular matrix. We outline opioid-induced modifications within each component of the tetrapartite synapse and provide a neurobiological perspective on how these adaptations converge to produce addiction-related behaviors in rodent models. By incorporating changes observed at each of the excitatory synaptic compartments into a unified framework of opioid-induced glutamate dysregulation, we highlight new avenues for restoring synaptic homeostasis that might limit opioid craving and relapse vulnerability.

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阿片类药物成瘾的四联突触

临床前模型中的阿片类药物给药诱导奖励和习惯回路的长期适应。最新研究表明，在伏隔核中，阿片类药物诱导的兴奋性突触可塑性涉及突触前和突触后元件以及相邻的星形胶质细胞过程和突触周围细胞外基质。我们概述了四分突触的每个组成部分内阿片类药物引起的修饰，并提供了关于这些适应如何在啮齿动物模型中产生成瘾相关行为的神经生物学观点。通过将在每个兴奋性突触隔室中观察到的变化合并到阿片类药物引起的谷氨酸失调的统一框架中，我们强调了恢复突触稳态的新途径，这可能会限制阿片类药物的渴望和复发的脆弱性。