Sweat is a largely unexplored biofluid that contains many important biomarkers ranging from electrolytes and metabolites to proteins, cytokines, antigens, and exogenous drugs. The eccrine and apocrine glands produce and excrete sweat through microscale pores on the epidermal surface, offering a noninvasive means for capturing and probing biomarkers that reflect hydration state, fatigue, nutrition, and physiological changes. Recent advances in skin-interfaced wearable sensors capable of real-time in situ sweat collection and analytics provide capabilities for continuous biochemical monitoring in an ambulatory mode of operation. This review presents a broad overview of sweat-based biochemical sensor technologies with an emphasis on enabling materials, designs, and target analytes of interest. The article concludes with a summary of challenges and opportunities for researchers and clinicians in this swiftly growing field.

中文翻译：

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用于生化汗液分析的可穿戴传感器。

汗液是一种很大程度上未经开发的生物流体，其中包含许多重要的生物标志物，范围从电解质和代谢产物到蛋白质，细胞因子，抗原和外源性药物。内分泌腺和顶泌腺通过表皮表面的微孔产生和排出汗液，为捕获和探测反映水合状态，疲劳，营养和生理变化的生物标志物提供了一种非侵入性手段。能够实时就地收集汗液并进行分析的皮肤接口可穿戴式传感器的最新进展提供了在非卧床操作模式下进行连续生化监测的功能。这篇综述对基于汗液的生化传感器技术进行了广泛的概述，重点是使感兴趣的材料，设计和目标分析物成为可能。