Although fluorescent reporters and biosensors have become indispensable tools in biological and biomedical fields, fluorescence measurements require external excitation light, thereby limiting their use in thick tissues and live animals. Bioluminescent reporters and biosensors may potentially overcome this hurdle because they use enzyme-catalyzed exothermic biochemical reactions to generate excited-state emitters. This review first introduces the development of bioluminescent reporters, and next, their applications in sensing biological changes in vitro and in vivo as biosensors. Lastly, we discuss chemiluminescent sensors that produce photons in the absence of luciferases. This review aims to explore fundamentals and experimental insights and to emphasize the yet-to-be-reached potential of next-generation luminescent reporters and biosensors.

中文翻译：

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生物发光和化学发光报道分子和生物传感器的开发和应用。

尽管荧光报告基因和生物传感器已成为生物和生物医学领域必不可少的工具，但是荧光测量需要外部激发光，从而限制了它们在厚组织和活体动物中的使用。生物发光报道分子和生物传感器可能克服这一障碍，因为它们使用酶催化的放热生化反应来生成激发态发射体。这篇综述首先介绍了生物发光报告基因的发展，然后介绍了它们在生物体外和体内作为生物传感器传感生物变化中的应用。最后，我们讨论了在没有荧光素酶的情况下产生光子的化学发光传感器。这篇综述旨在探讨基础知识和实验见解，并强调下一代发光报告基因和生物传感器尚未达到的潜力。