Secreted proteins play important roles in mediating various biological processes such as cell-cell communication, differentiation, migration, and homeostasis at the population or tissue level. Here, we review bioanalytical technologies and devices for detecting protein secretions from single cells. We begin by discussing conventional approaches followed by detailing the latest advances in microengineered systems for detecting single-cell protein secretions with an emphasis on multiplex measurement. These platforms include droplet microfluidics, micro-/nanowell-based assays, and microchamber-based assays, among which the advantages and limitations are compared. Microscale systems also enable the tracking of protein secretion dynamics in single cells, further empowering the study of the cell-cell communication network. Looking forward, we discuss the remaining challenges and future opportunities that will transform basic research of cellular secretion functions at the systems level and the clinical applications for immune monitoring and cancer treatment.

中文翻译：

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单细胞蛋白质分泌检测和分析。

分泌的蛋白质在介导各种生物学过程中发挥重要作用，例如在群体或组织水平上的细胞间通讯，分化，迁移和体内稳态。在这里，我们回顾用于检测单细胞蛋白质分泌的生物分析技术和设备。我们首先讨论传统方法，然后详细介绍用于检测单细胞蛋白质分泌的微工程系统的最新进展，重点是多重测量。这些平台包括液滴微流控技术，基于微孔/纳米孔的测定法和基于微腔室的测定法，并比较了其优点和局限性。微型系统还可以跟踪单个细胞中的蛋白质分泌动态，从而进一步促进了细胞间通信网络的研究。期待，