Nanoscale fabrication of smart materials relying on the molecular self‐assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) has been recognized as a valuable platform for various next‐generation functional structures. In this Progress Report, the recent advances in the BCP self‐assembly process, which has paved the way for viable applications of emerging nanotechnologies, are highlighted. Effective light‐induced self‐assembly based on photothermal annealing of high‐χ BCPs and conformal 3D surface nanopatterning exploiting chemically modified graphene flexible substrates are reviewed as the typical instances of advanced BCP‐based nanofabrication methodologies. Additionally, relevant potential application fields are suggested, namely, graphene nanoribbon field effect transistors, highly tunable refractive index metasurfaces for visible light, high‐sensitivity surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, 2D transition metal dichalcogenide nanopatterning, sequential infiltration synthesis, and organic photovoltaics. Finally, the future research direction as well as innovative applications of these smart nanostructured materials is proposed.

中文翻译：

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基于嵌段共聚物自组装的智能纳米结构材料

依赖于嵌段共聚物（BCP）分子自组装的智能材料的纳米级制造已被认为是各种下一代功能结构的宝贵平台。在本进度报告中，重点介绍了BCP自组装过程的最新进展，为新兴纳米技术的可行应用铺平了道路。作为基于BCP的先进纳米加工方法的典型实例，回顾了基于高χBCP的光热退火和利用化学修饰的石墨烯柔性基板进行的共形3D表面纳米构图的有效光诱导自组装。此外，建议了相关的潜在应用领域，即石墨烯纳米带场效应晶体管，可见光的高度可调折射率超颖表面，高灵敏度的表面增强拉曼光谱，二维过渡金属二卤化碳纳米图案，顺序渗透合成和有机光伏技术。最后，提出了这些智能纳米结构材料的未来研究方向和创新应用。