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Milk polar lipids reduce lipid cardiovascular risk factors in overweight postmenopausal women: towards a gut sphingomyelin-cholesterol interplay
Gut ( IF 24.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-12 , DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-318155
Cécile Vors 1, 2 , Laurie Joumard-Cubizolles 3 , Manon Lecomte 1 , Emmanuel Combe 1 , Lemlih Ouchchane 4, 5 , Jocelyne Drai 1, 6 , Ketsia Raynal 7 , Florent Joffre 8 , Laure Meiller 1, 2 , Mélanie Le Barz 1 , Patrice Gaborit 7 , Aurélie Caille 9 , Monique Sothier 2 , Carla Domingues-Faria 3 , Adeline Blot 9 , Aurélie Wauquier 10 , Emilie Blond 1, 6 , Valérie Sauvinet 1, 2 , Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou 11 , Jean-Pierre Bodin 12 , Philippe Moulin 1, 13 , David Cheillan 1, 14 , Hubert Vidal 1 , Béatrice Morio 1 , Eddy Cotte 15, 16 , Françoise Morel-Laporte 9 , Martine Laville 1, 2 , Annick Bernalier-Donadille 10 , Stéphanie Lambert-Porcheron 2, 17 , Corinne Malpuech-Brugère 3 , Marie-Caroline Michalski 1, 2
Affiliation  

Objective To investigate whether milk polar lipids (PL) impact human intestinal lipid absorption, metabolism, microbiota and associated markers of cardiometabolic health. Design A double-blind, randomised controlled 4-week study involving 58 postmenopausal women was used to assess the chronic effects of milk PL consumption (0, 3 or 5 g-PL/day) on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The acute effects of milk PL on intestinal absorption and metabolism of cholesterol were assessed in a randomised controlled crossover study using tracers in ileostomy patients. Results Over 4 weeks, milk PL significantly reduced fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of cholesterol and surrogate lipid markers of cardiovascular disease risk, including total/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apolipoprotein (Apo)B/ApoA1 ratios. The highest PL dose preferentially induced a decreased number of intestine-derived chylomicron particles. Also, milk PL increased faecal loss of coprostanol, a gut-derived metabolite of cholesterol, but major bacterial populations and faecal short-chain fatty acids were not affected by milk PL, regardless of the dose. Acute ingestion of milk PL by ileostomy patients shows that milk PL decreased cholesterol absorption and increased cholesterol-ileal efflux, which can be explained by the observed co-excretion with milk sphingomyelin in the gut. Conclusion The present data demonstrate for the first time in humans that milk PL can improve the cardiometabolic health by decreasing several lipid cardiovascular markers, notably through a reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption involving specific interactions in the gut, without disturbing the major bacterial phyla of gut microbiota. Trial registration number NCT02099032 and NCT02146339; Results.

中文翻译:

牛奶极性脂质降低超重绝经后妇女的脂质心血管危险因素:对肠道鞘磷脂 - 胆固醇的相互作用

目的研究牛奶极性脂质 (PL) 是否影响人体肠道脂质吸收、代谢、微生物群和心脏代谢健康的相关标志物。设计 一项涉及 58 名绝经后妇女的双盲、随机对照 4 周研究用于评估牛奶 PL 消耗(0、3 或 5 克 PL/天)对脂质代谢和肠道微生物群的慢性影响。在一项随机对照交叉研究中,使用示踪剂在回肠造口术患者中评估了牛奶 PL 对肠道吸收和胆固醇代谢的急性影响。结果 4 周后,牛奶 PL 显着降低了空腹和餐后血浆胆固醇浓度以及心血管疾病风险的替代脂质标志物,包括总/高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇和载脂蛋白 (Apo)B/ApoA1 比率。最高 PL 剂量优先诱导肠道来源的乳糜微粒数量减少。此外,牛奶 PL 增加了粪前列醇(一种肠道衍生的胆固醇代谢物)的粪便损失,但主要细菌种群和粪便短链脂肪酸不受牛奶 PL 的影响,无论剂量如何。回肠造口术患者急性摄入牛奶 PL 表明,牛奶 PL 降低了胆固醇吸收并增加了胆固醇 - 回肠外流,这可以通过观察到与肠道中的牛奶鞘磷脂共同排泄来解释。结论 目前的数据首次在人类中证明,牛奶 PL 可以通过降低几种脂质心血管标志物来改善心脏代谢健康,特别是通过减少肠道胆固醇吸收,涉及肠道中的特定相互作用,在不干扰肠道微生物群的主要细菌门的情况下。试验注册号NCT02099032和NCT02146339;结果。
更新日期:2019-06-12
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