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Plant responses to nutrient addition experiments conducted in tropical forests
Ecological Monographs ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-09 , DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1382
S. Joseph Wright 1
Affiliation  

I present a meta‐analysis of plant responses to 48 nutrient addition experiments conducted with native species in naturally growing tropical forests, exclusive of mangrove forests. The added nutrients include nitrogen (N) in 36 experiments, phosphorus (P) in 33 experiments, calcium and potassium in one experiment each, and various mixtures of essential nutrients in the remaining experiments. I evaluate the hypotheses that nutrients limit tropical forest plants, nutrient limitation is stronger in successional than in old‐growth forests, P but not N is limiting in lowland forests, and N is limiting in montane forests. Responses to the most complete nutrient mix used in each experiment were strong for plant functions that contribute to aboveground production (Hedges’ g averages 0.87) and nonsignificant for fine root biomass. Responses to N addition and to P addition were strong for tissue concentrations of the added element (Hedges’ g averages 0.75 and 1.4, respectively), moderate for fine litter production (0.64 and 0.65, respectively), moderate to weak for plant growth (0.46 and 0.37, respectively) and nonsignificant for fine root biomass. Growth responses were stronger in successional than in old‐growth forests. All responses were unrelated to elevation. The 48 experiments included 30 factorial nitrogen‐phosphorus experiments that enable additional direct tests of the widely cited hypotheses that P limitation is stronger than N limitation in lowland forests and vice versa in montane forests. Both hypotheses were rejected. The N × P interaction effect was nonsignificant across the factorial experiments. In conclusion, nutrients clearly limit tropical forest plants. Limitation by N is widespread in both lowland and montane forests, and the same is true for P. Single experiments identify limitation by calcium and potassium, and correlative studies suggest limitation by calcium, potassium, and magnesium. The available evidence is consistent with the possibility that most macronutrients limit tropical forest plants; however, experiments focus almost exclusively on N and P. The way forward will include taking fuller advantage of existing nutrient addition experiments, siting new experiments strategically, and developing cost‐effective methods to assay responses to all of the essential nutrients soils supply to plants.

中文翻译:

植物对热带森林中营养添加实验的反应

我对植物对自然生长的热带森林(不包括红树林)中的本土物种进行的48种营养添加实验的反应进行了荟萃分析。添加的营养素包括36个实验中的氮(N),33个实验中的磷(P),每个实验中的钙和钾,以及其余实验中各种必需营养素的混合物。我评估了以下假设:养分限制热带森林植物;连续性养分限制比老龄森林强;磷在低地森林中不受限制,但氮在山地森林中有所限制。反应在每个实验中使用的最完整的营养搭配强劲的植物功能有助于地上生产(套期平均值为0.87),对于细根生物量而言并不重要。响应到N加法和至P除了强劲的添加元素的组织浓度(套期平均数分别为0.75和1.4),细凋落物生产的适度(分别为0.64和0.65),植物生长的中等至弱(分别为0.46和0.37),细根生物量则不显着。演替中的生长响应要强于旧林。所有反应均与海拔无关。48个实验包括30个阶乘氮-磷实验,这些实验使得能够对直接引用的假说进行直接检验,这些假说在低地森林中P限制要比N限制强,而在山地森林中P限制要强于N限制。两种假设均被拒绝。在因子分解实验中,N×P相互作用的影响不显着。总之,养分显然限制了热带森林植物。在低地和山区森林中,N的限制很普遍,P也是如此。单个实验确定了钙和钾的局限性,相关研究表明钙,钾和镁的局限性。现有证据与大多数常量营养素限制热带森林植物的可能性一致;但是,实验几乎完全集中在氮和磷上。前进的道路将包括充分利用现有养分添加实验的优势,战略性地进行新实验,以及开发具有成本效益的方法来测定对植物所供应的所有必需养分土壤的响应。
更新日期:2019-07-09
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