Dimorphic fungal pathogens are a significant cause of human disease worldwide. Notably, the dimorphic fungal pathogens within the order Onygenales are considered primary pathogens, causing disease in healthy hosts. Current changes in taxonomy are underway due to advances in molecular phylogenetics, population genetics, and new emerging dimorphic fungal pathogens causing human disease. In this review, we highlight evolutionary relationships of dimorphic fungal pathogens that cause human disease within the order Onygenales and provide rationale to support increased investment in studies understanding the evolutionary relationships of these pathogens to improve rapid diagnostics, help identify mechanisms of antifungal resistance, understand adaptation to human host, and factors associated with virulence.

双态真菌病原体是全世界人类疾病的重要原因。值得注意的是，Onygenales顺序内的双态真菌病原体被认为是主要病原体，在健康宿主中引起疾病​​。由于分子系统发育学，种群遗传学以及引起人类疾病的新出现的双态真菌病原体的发展，分类学方面的当前变化正在进行中。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了在Onygenales内引起人类疾病的双态性真菌病原体的进化关系，并提供了理论依据以支持对研究的更多投资，以了解这些病原体的进化关系，从而改善快速诊断，帮助确定抗真菌耐药性的机制，了解适应性人类宿主，以及与毒力相关的因素。