House dust mites (HDMs) are sources of an extensive repertoire of allergens responsible for a range of allergic conditions. Technological advances have accelerated the identification of these allergens and characterized their putative roles within HDMs. Understanding their functional bioactivities is illuminating how they interact with the immune system to cause disease and how interrelations between them are essential to maximize allergic responses. Two types of allergen bioactivity, namely proteolysis and peptidolipid/lipid binding, elicit IgE and stimulate bystander responses to unrelated allergens. Much of this influence arises from Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 4 or TLR2 signalling and, in the case of protease allergens, the activation of additional pleiotropic effectors with strong disease linkage. Of related interest is the interaction of HDM allergens with common components of the house dust matrix, through either their binding to allergens or their autonomous modulation of immune receptors. Herein, we provide a contemporary view of how proteolysis, lipid‐binding activity and interactions with polysaccharides and polysaccharide molecular recognition systems coordinate the principal responses which underlie allergy. The power of the catalytically competent group 1 HDM protease allergen component is demonstrated by a review of disclosures surrounding the efficacy of novel inhibitors produced by structure‐based design.

中文翻译：

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蛋白水解、脂类和多糖分子识别塑造了对屋尘螨过敏原的先天反应

屋尘螨 (HDM) 是一系列过敏原的来源，这些过敏原会导致一系列过敏状况。技术进步加速了对这些过敏原的识别，并描述了它们在 HDM 中的假定作用。了解它们的功能性生物活性正在阐明它们如何与免疫系统相互作用以引起疾病，以及它们之间的相互关系如何对于最大限度地提高过敏反应至关重要。两种类型的过敏原生物活性，即蛋白水解和肽脂/脂质结合，引发 IgE 并刺激旁观者对无关过敏原的反应。这种影响大部分来自于 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 4 或 TLR2 信号传导，并且在蛋白酶过敏原的情况下，具有强疾病联系的其他多效效应物的激活。相关的兴趣是 HDM 过敏原与屋尘基质的常见成分的相互作用，通过它们与过敏原的结合或它们对免疫受体的自主调节。在此，我们提供了关于蛋白水解、脂质结合活性以及与多糖和多糖分子识别系统的相互作用如何协调过敏的主要反应的当代观点。具有催化活性的第 1 组 HDM 蛋白酶过敏原成分的功效通过对基于结构的设计产生的新型抑制剂功效的披露进行审查来证明。脂质结合活性以及与多糖和多糖分子识别系统的相互作用协调了引起过敏的主要反应。具有催化活性的第 1 组 HDM 蛋白酶过敏原成分的功效通过对基于结构的设计产生的新型抑制剂功效的披露进行审查来证明。脂质结合活性以及与多糖和多糖分子识别系统的相互作用协调了引起过敏的主要反应。具有催化活性的第 1 组 HDM 蛋白酶过敏原成分的功效通过对基于结构的设计产生的新型抑制剂功效的披露进行审查来证明。