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In the Search of Glycoside-Based Molecules as Antidiabetic Agents
Topics in Current Chemistry ( IF 8.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0243-6
Aleksandra Pałasz , Dariusz Cież , Bartosz Trzewik , Katarzyna Miszczak , Grzegorz Tynor , Bartłomiej Bazan

This review is an effort to summarize recent developments in synthesis of O-glycosides and N-, C-glycosyl molecules with promising antidiabetic potential. Articles published after 2000 are included. First, the O-glycosides used in the treatment of diabetes are presented, followed by the N-glycosides and finally the C-glycosides constituting the largest group of antidiabetic drugs are described. Within each group of glycosides, we presented how the structure of compounds representing potential drugs changes and when discussing chemical compounds of a similar structure, achievements are presented in the chronological order. C-Glycosyl compounds mimicking O-glycosides structure, exhibit the best features in terms of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Therefore, the largest part of the article is concerned with the description of the synthesis and biological studies of various C-glycosides. Also N-glycosides such as N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-amides, N-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-ureas, and 1,2,3-triazolyl derivatives belong to the most potent classes of antidiabetic agents. In order to indicate which of the compounds presented in the given sections have the best inhibitory properties, a list of the best inhibitors is presented at the end of each section. In summary, the best inhibitors were selected from each of the summarizing figures and the results of the ranking were placed. In this way, the reader can learn about the structure of the compounds having the best antidiabetic activity. The compounds, whose synthesis was described in the article but did not appear on the figures presenting the structures of the most active inhibitors, did not show proper activity as inhibitors. Thus, the article also presents studies that have not yielded the desired results and show directions of research that should not be followed. In order to show the directions of the latest research, articles from 2018 to 2019 are described in a separate Sect. 5. In Sect. 6, biological mechanisms of action of the glycosides and patents of marketed drugs are described.



中文翻译:

寻找基于糖苷的分子作为抗糖尿病药

这篇综述旨在总结具有抗糖尿病潜力的O-糖苷和N-C-糖基分子合成的最新进展。包括2000年以后发表的文章。首先,介绍了用于治疗糖尿病的O-糖苷,其次是N-糖苷,最后介绍了构成最大的抗糖尿病药物组的C-糖苷。在每组糖苷中,我们介绍了代表潜在药物的化合物的结构如何变化,并在讨论具有类似结构的化合物时,按时间顺序列出了成就。模仿的C-糖基化合物O-糖苷结构在药效学和药代动力学方面表现出最好的特征。因此,本文的大部分涉及各种C-糖苷的合成和生物学研究。还包括N-糖苷,例如N-(β- d-吡喃葡萄糖基)-酰胺,N-(β- d-吡喃葡萄糖基)-脲和1,2,3-三唑基衍生物属于最有效的抗糖尿病药。为了指示给定部分中提供的哪种化合物具有最佳的抑制特性,在每个部分的末尾列出了最佳抑制剂的列表。总而言之,从每个汇总图中选择了最佳抑制剂,并放置了排名结果。这样,读者可以了解具有最佳抗糖尿病活性的化合物的结构。该化合物的合成已在本文中进行了描述,但未出现在显示最具活性的抑制剂结构的图中,但未显示出作为抑制剂的适当活性。因此,本文还介绍了未取得理想结果的研究,并指出了不应遵循的研究方向。为了显示最新研究的方向,在单独的Sect中描述了2018年至2019年的文章。 5。昆虫。参照图6,描述了糖苷的生物学作用机理和市售药物的专利。

更新日期:2019-06-05
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