The cell envelope of bacteria shows great diversity in architecture and composition, to a large extent due to its proteome. Proteins localized to the cell envelope, whether integrally embedded in the membrane, membrane-anchored, or peripherally associated as part of a macromolecular complex, often form elongated fibers, in which coiled coils represent a prominent structural element. These coiled-coil segments show a surprising degree of structural variability, despite being shaped by a small number of simple biophysical rules, foremost being their geometry of interaction referred to as 'knobs-into-holes'. Here we will review this diversity, particularly as it has emerged over the last decade.

细菌的细胞包膜在很大程度上由于其蛋白质组而在结构和组成上显示出极大的多样性。定位在细胞膜上的蛋白质，无论是整体嵌入膜中，膜锚定的，还是作为大分子复合物的一部分周边结合的蛋白质，通常会形成细长的纤维，其中卷曲的线圈代表着突出的结构元素。尽管受到少量简单的生物物理规则的影响，这些盘绕的线圈段仍显示出令人惊讶的结构可变性，其中最重要的是它们的相互作用几何结构被称为“旋钮入孔”。在这里，我们将回顾这种多样性，尤其是近十年来出现的这种多样性。