BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by reductions in gray matter and white matter. Limitations in brain imaging have led researchers to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to explore retinal imaging biomarkers of brain pathology. We examine the retinal layers that may be associated with SZ or BD. METHODS Articles identified using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Database. Twelve studies met inclusion for acutely/chronically ill patients. We used fixed or random effects meta-analysis for probands (SZ and BD), SZ or BD eyes vs healthy control (HC) eyes. We adjusted for sources of bias, cross-validated results, and report standardized mean differences (SMD). Statistical analysis performed using meta package in R. RESULTS Data from 820 proband eyes (SZ = 541, BD = 279) and 904 HC eyes were suitable for meta-analysis. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) showed significant thinning in SZ and BD eyes compared to HC eyes (n = 12, SMD = -0.74, -0.51, -1.06, respectively). RNFL thinning was greatest in the nasal, temporal, and superior regions. The combined peripapillary ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) showed significant thinning in SZ and BD eyes compared to HC eyes (n = 4, SMD = -0.39, -0.44, -0.28, respectively). No statistically significant differences were identified in other retinal or choroidal regions. Clinical variables were unrelated to the RNFL or GCL-IPL thickness by meta-regression. CONCLUSION The observed retinal layer thinning is consistent with the classic gray- and white-matter atrophy observed on neuroimaging in SZ and BD patients. OCT may be a useful biomarker tool in studying the neurobiology of psychosis.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症和双相情感障碍视网膜细胞结构异常的荟萃分析。

背景技术精神分裂症（SZ）和双相情感障碍（BD）的特征在于灰质和白质的减少。脑成像的局限性促使研究人员使用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）来探索脑病理的视网膜成像生物标志物。我们检查可能与SZ或BD相关的视网膜层。方法使用PubMed，Web of Science，Cochrane数据库识别的文章。十二项研究将急性/慢性病患者纳入研究。我们对先证者（SZ和BD），SZ或BD眼睛与健康对照（HC）眼睛进行了固定或随机效应荟萃分析。我们对偏差的来源，交叉验证的结果进行了调整，并报告了标准化的均值差异（SMD）。使用R中的meta包执行统计分析。结果来自820位先证者眼睛的数据（SZ = 541，BD = 279）和904 HC眼睛适合进行荟萃分析。与HC眼睛相比，SZ和BD眼睛的乳头周围视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）显着变薄（n = 12，SMD = -0.74，-0.51，-1.06）。RNFL变薄在鼻，颞和上半部最大。与HC眼相比，合并后的乳头神经节细胞层和内部丛状神经层（GCL-IPL）在SZ和BD眼中显着变薄（分别为n = 4，SMD = -0.39，-0.44，-0.28）。在其他视网膜或脉络膜区域未发现统计学上的显着差异。通过荟萃回归，临床变量与RNFL或GCL-IPL厚度无关。结论观察到的视网膜层变薄与SZ和BD患者在神经影像学上观察到的经典的灰色和白色物质萎缩相符。