Air pollution from motor vehicle traffic remains a significant threat to public health. Using taxi inspection and trip data, we assessed changes in New York City's taxi fleet following Clean Air Taxi legislation enacted in 2005-2006. Inspection and trip data between 2004 and 2015 were used to assess changes in New York's taxi fleet and to estimate and spatially apportion annual taxi-related exhaust emissions of nitric oxide (NO) and total particulate matter (PMT). These emissions changes were used to predict reductions in NO and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations estimates using data from the New York City Community Air Survey (NYCCAS) in 2009-2015. Efficiency trends among other for-hire vehicles and spatial variation in traffic intensity were also considered. The city fuel efficiency of the medallion taxi fleet increased from 15.7 MPG to 33.1 MPG, and corresponding NO and PMT exhaust emissions estimates declined by 82 and 49%, respectively. These emissions reductions were associated with changes in NYCCAS-modeled NO and PM2.5 concentrations (p < 0.001). New York's clean air taxi legislation was effective at increasing fuel efficiency of the medallion taxi fleet, and reductions in estimated taxi emissions were associated with decreases in NO and PM2.5 concentrations.

中文翻译：

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开发和验证量化清洁空气出租车立法效益的方法。

机动车交通造成的空气污染仍然是对公众健康的重大威胁。使用出租车检查和行程数据，我们评估了纽约市出租车队在 2005-2006 年颁布的清洁空气出租车立法后的变化。2004 年至 2015 年间的检查和出行数据用于评估纽约出租车队的变化，并估计和空间分配与出租车相关的一氧化氮 (NO) 和总颗粒物 (PMT) 的年度废气排放量。这些排放变化用于预测 NO 和细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 浓度的减少，使用纽约市社区空气调查 (NYCCAS) 2009-2015 年的数据进行估算。还考虑了其​​他出租车辆的效率趋势和交通强度的空间变化。奖章出租车车队的城市燃油效率从 15.7 MPG 增加到 33.1 MPG，相应的 NO 和 PMT 废气排放估计值分别下降了 82% 和 49%。这些排放减少与 NYCCAS 模拟的 NO 和 PM2.5 浓度的变化有关（p < 0.001）。纽约的清洁空中出租车立法有效地提高了奖章出租车队的燃油效率，估计出租车排放量的减少与 NO 和 PM2.5 浓度的降低有关。