Abstract Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are being used by plants to direct gene expression. In plants, different classes of sRNAs exist based on their biogenesis and origin. Among them, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) chiefly mask post-transcriptional gene expression. Initiation of translational inhibition or degradation requires the binding of miRNAs with the complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) target sites. From seed germination to plant formation, current studies report that sRNAs have a significant role in various plant developmental phases. Moreover, these sRNAs have been engaged throughout the plant evolutionary pathway, playing an active role in the shaping and functioning of various plant organs. Given the importance of sRNAs in the plant development and life cycle, this review article elaborates on the critical involvement of sRNAs in different phases of plant life starting from the seed and progressing towards the mature plant.

中文翻译：

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从种子到成熟植物的小 RNA

摘要 植物正在使用小调节 RNA (sRNA) 来指导基因表达。在植物中，根据它们的生物发生和起源，存在不同类别的 sRNA。其中，小干扰RNA（siRNA）和微RNA（miRNA）主要掩盖转录后基因的表达。翻译抑制或降解的启动需要 miRNA 与互补的信使 RNA (mRNA) 靶位点结合。从种子萌发到植物形成，目前的研究表明 sRNA 在植物的各个发育阶段都具有重要作用。此外，这些 sRNA 参与了整个植物进化途径，在各种植物器官的形成和功能中发挥着积极作用。鉴于 sRNA 在植物发育和生命周期中的重要性，