Plantation‐grown trees have to cope with an increasing pressure of pest and disease in the context of climate change, and breeding approaches using genomics may offer efficient and flexible tools to face this pressure. In the present study, we targeted genetic improvement of resistance of an introduced conifer species in Canada, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), to the native white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi Peck). We developed single‐ and multi‐trait genomic selection (GS) models and selection indices considering the relationships between weevil resistance, intrinsic wood quality, and growth traits. Weevil resistance, acoustic velocity as a proxy for mechanical wood stiffness, and average wood density showed moderate‐to‐high heritability and low genotype‐by‐environment interactions. Weevil resistance was genetically positively correlated with tree height, height‐to‐diameter at breast height (DBH) ratio, and acoustic velocity. The accuracy of the different GS models tested (GBLUP, threshold GBLUP, Bayesian ridge regression, BayesCπ) was high and did not differ among each other. Multi‐trait models performed similarly as single‐trait models when all trees were phenotyped. However, when weevil attack data were not available for all trees, weevil resistance was more accurately predicted by integrating genetically correlated growth traits into multi‐trait GS models. A GS index that corresponded to the breeders’ priorities achieved near maximum gains for weevil resistance, acoustic velocity, and height growth, but a small decrease for DBH. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to breed for high‐quality, weevil‐resistant Norway spruce reforestation stock with high accuracy achieved from single‐trait or multi‐trait GS.

中文翻译：

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挪威云杉象鼻虫抗性、生长和木材质量的多性状基因组选择。

种植园种植的树木必须应对气候变化背景下日益增加的病虫害压力，而使用基因组学的育种方法可能会提供有效且灵活的工具来应对这种压力。在本研究中，我们的目标是对加拿大引进的针叶树物种挪威云杉（ Picea abies (L.) Karst.）进行遗传改良，以提高其对本地白松象甲（Pissodes strobi Peck）的抗性。考虑到象虫抗性、木材内在品质和生长性状之间的关系，我们开发了单性状和多性状基因组选择（GS）模型和选择指数。象鼻虫抗性、代表木材机械刚度的声速和平均木材密度显示出中等到高的遗传力和低基因型与环境的相互作用。象鼻虫抗性在遗传上与树高、胸高与胸径（DBH）之比和声速呈正相关。测试的不同 GS 模型（GBLUP、阈值 GBLUP、贝叶斯岭回归、BayesCπ）的准确度都很高，并且彼此之间没有差异。当所有树木都进行表型分析时，多性状模型的表现与单性状模型相似。然而，当无法获得所有树木的象鼻虫攻击数据时，通过将遗传相关的生长性状整合到多性状 GS 模型中，可以更准确地预测象鼻虫抗性。与育种者的优先事项相对应的 GS 指数在象虫抗性、声速和身高生长方面取得了接近最大的收益，但胸径略有下降。本研究的结果表明，可以通过单性状或多性状 GS 培育出高品质、抗象鼻虫的挪威云杉再造林种群，并且具有高精度。