The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are well documented, yet few women adhere to recommendations. We report the Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) within interventions trialled internationally after pregnancy to promote exclusive and mixed breastfeeding as well as evidence of effectiveness. PsycINFO, EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were screened. Twenty-three (n = 23) studies met inclusion criteria. Three authors independently extracted data, coded interventions using the BCT v.1 taxonomy, and assessed study quality. There was a moderate significant effect of the interventions promoting exclusive breastfeeding up to four weeks postpartum (OR 1.77, [95% CI: 1.47–2.13]) but this effect slightly declined beyond thirteen weeks (OR 1.63, [95% CI: 1.07–2.47]). Twenty-nine BCTs were identified within interventions. ‘Credible source’ and ‘instruction on how to perform the behaviour’ were the most prevalent and ‘social support (unspecified)’ contributed to the effectiveness of exclusive breastfeeding interventions five to eight weeks postpartum. Using BCTs with cognitive and behavioural aspects may help women develop coping mechanisms promoting exclusive breastfeeding. Further trials are needed in countries with low breastfeeding rates such as the UK. The use of programme theory during intervention development and clear description of intervention components is recommended. This meta-analysis provides guidance for trials evaluating postpartum breastfeeding interventions.

完全母乳喂养的好处已得到充分证明，但很少有女性坚持推荐。我们报告了在妊娠后进行国际试验的干预措施中的行为改变技术（BCT），以促进纯母乳和混合母乳喂养以及有效性的证据。筛选了PsycINFO，EMBASE和MEDLINE数据库。23（n = 23）研究符合纳入标准。三位作者独立提取数据，使用BCT v.1分类法对干预措施进行编码，并评估研究质量。干预措施在产后四周内能促进纯母乳喂养有显着的显着效果（OR 1.77，[95％CI：1.47–2.13]），但这种效果在十三周后略有下降（OR 1.63，[95％CI：1.07– 2.47]）。在干预措施中确定了29个BCT。“可靠的来源”和“如何进行行为的说明”是最普遍的，“社会支持（未指定）”对产后五到八周的纯母乳喂养干预措施的有效性做出了贡献。在认知和行为方面使用BCT可能有助于妇女发展促进纯母乳喂养的应对机制。在母乳喂养率较低的国家（例如英国），需要进行进一步的试验。建议在干预措施开发过程中使用程序理论，并明确说明干预措施的组成部分。这项荟萃分析为评估产后母乳喂养干预措施的试验提供了指导。