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Residual effect of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and impact on Soil Nitrifiers
European Journal of Agronomy ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2019.125917
Miguel Quemada , María Alonso-Ayuso , Antonio Castellano-Hinojosa , Eulogio J. Bedmar , Jose L. Gabriel , Irene García González , Francisco Valentín , Manuel Calvo

Abstract The residual effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on subsequent crops might affect N efficiency and soil microorganisms, but little is known about the underlying reasons. Our goal was to elucidate the origin of the residual effect of synthetic N fertilizers, with and without a nitrification inhibitor, in three field experiments located in different regions of Spain that shared a common design in a maize (Zea mays L.) /wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation. Maize was fertilized with ammonium sulphate nitrate (ASN) or with ASN blended with 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) (ASN + DMPP) or was not fertilized with N. Wheat after maize received the recommended N dose, a low N dose or no N application. Yield and N content were determined for each crop and treatment and soil samples were taken to determine non-exchangeable NH4+ as well as C and N in the microbial biomass. DNA extraction was conducted in soil samples at different times. In the two locations where a residual effect occurred as a result of fertilizer application on the previous crop, either as ASN or ASN + DMPP, the C retained in the microbial biomass increased. The abundance of bacterial and archaeal communities was related to the soil’s C biomass, and the quantitative PCR approach was a more sensitive biomarker of the microbial activity than C and N in the microbial biomass. The residual effect was associated with a temporal increase of soil microorganisms caused by fertilizer application. Optical sensors identified the residual effect, opening the opportunity for adjusting the fertilizer rate to actual crop requirements.

中文翻译:

合成氮肥的残留效应及对土壤硝化剂的影响

摘要 氮肥对后续作物的残留效应可能会影响氮肥效率和土壤微生物,但对其背后的原因知之甚少。我们的目标是在位于西班牙不同地区的三个田间试验中阐明含有和不含硝化抑制剂的合成氮肥残留效应的起源,这些试验在玉米 (Zea mays L.)/小麦 (小麦 L.) 轮换。玉米用硫酸铵 (ASN) 或 ASN 与 3,4 二甲基吡唑磷酸盐 (DMPP) 混合施肥 (ASN + DMPP) 或不施氮。 玉米在接受推荐的 N 剂量、低 N 剂量或不施氮后施肥N 申请。测定每种作物的产量和 N 含量,并采集土壤样品以确定不可交换的 NH4+ 以及微生物生物量中的 C 和 N。在不同时间对土壤样品进行 DNA 提取。在由于对前一作物施肥而产生残留效应的两个位置,无论是作为 ASN 还是 ASN + DMPP,微生物生物量中保留的 C 增加。细菌和古菌群落的丰度与土壤的 C 生物量有关,定量 PCR 方法是比微生物生物量中的 C 和 N 更敏感的微生物活性生物标志物。残留效应与施肥引起的土壤微生物的时间增加有关。光学传感器识别残留效应,
更新日期:2019-09-01
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