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Shaping the human brain: evolutionary cis-regulatory plasticity drives changes in synaptic activity-controlled adaptive gene expression.
Current Opinion in Neurobiology ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.04.003
Priit Pruunsild 1 , Hilmar Bading 1
Affiliation  

Neuronal activity-induced gene expression programs involved in synaptic structure- and plasticity-related functions are similar in mice and humans, yet bear distinct features. These include gains or losses of activity-responsiveness of certain genes and differences in gene induction profiles. Here, we discuss a possible origin of dissimilarities in activity-regulated transcription between species. We highlight that while synapse-to-nucleus signalling pathways are evolutionarily conserved, cis-regulatory plasticity has been driving species-specific remodelling of the activity-controlled enhancer landscape, thereby affecting gene regulation. In particular, evolutionary rearrangements of transcription factor binding site placements together with potential species-dependent developmental stage- and/or cell type-specific epigenetic and other trans-acting mechanisms are most likely at least in part accountable for between-species diversity in activity-regulated transcription. It is conceivable that cis-regulatory plasticity may have equipped the synaptic activity-driven adaptive gene program in human neurons with unique, species-specific qualities.

中文翻译:

塑造人脑:顺式调控进化可塑性驱动突触活动控制的自适应基因表达的变化。

在小鼠和人类中,涉及突触结构和可塑性相关功能的神经元活性诱导的基因表达程序在小鼠和人类中相似,但具有不同的特征。这些包括某些基因的活动响应性的获得或丧失以及基因诱导概况的差异。在这里,我们讨论了物种之间活性调节转录的差异的可能起源。我们着重指出,虽然突触到核的信号通路在进化上是保守的,但是顺式调控可塑性一直在驱动着特定物种的活动控制的增强子景观的重塑,从而影响了基因的调控。特别是,转录因子结合位点位置的进化重排以及潜在的依赖物种的发育阶段和/或细胞类型特异性的表观遗传机制和其他反作用机制最有可能至少部分解释了活性调控转录中的物种间多样性。可以想象,顺式调控可塑性可能已经为人类神经元中的突触活动驱动的适应性基因程序配备了独特的,物种特异性的质量。
更新日期:2019-05-16
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