The extraordinary electronic and two-dimensional materials make them promising candidates to replace traditional photodetectors in infrared and terahertz spectral ranges. This paper reviews the latest achievements in graphene detectors in competition with traditional commercially dominated ones in different applications. It is shown that the performance of graphene-based infrared and terahertz detectors is lower in comparison with those detectors existing on the global market. The high sensitivity of hybrid photodetectors does not coincide with a fast response time, which limits real detector functions. The most effective single graphene detectors operated at room temperature are terahertz detectors, which utilize plasma rectification phenomena in field effect transistors. The challenges facing the development of focal-plane arrays in the future are also considered. Special attention is directed toward the main trends in the development of arrays in the near future—an increase in the pixel count to above 108 pixels, with pixel size decreasing to about 5 μm for both cooled and uncooled long-wavelength infrared arrays. To date, these questions have not been considered in literature devoted to graphene-based infrared and terahertz detectors.

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红外和太赫兹探测器系列中的石墨烯材料：教程

非凡的电子和二维材料使它们成为替代红外和太赫兹光谱范围内传统光电探测器的有希望的候选者。本文回顾了石墨烯探测器在不同应用中与传统商业主导探测器竞争的最新成果。结果表明，与全球市场上现有的探测器相比，基于石墨烯的红外和太赫兹探测器的性能较低。混合光电探测器的高灵敏度与快速响应时间不一致，这限制了真正的探测器功能。在室温下运行的最有效的单个石墨烯探测器是太赫兹探测器，它利用场效应晶体管中的等离子体整流现象。还考虑了未来焦平面阵列发展面临的挑战。在不久的将来，阵列发展的主要趋势受到了特别关注——像素数增加到 108 个像素以上，冷却和非冷却长波长红外阵列的像素尺寸减小到约 5 微米。迄今为止，这些问题尚未在致力于基于石墨烯的红外和太赫兹探测器的文献中考虑。