Obesity is a complex disorder of excessive adiposity, and is associated with adverse health effects such as cardiometabolic complications, which are to a large extent attributable to dysfunctional white adipose tissue. Adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, impaired adipokine secretion, a chronic low-grade inflammatory status, hormonal resistance and altered metabolic responses, together contributing to insulin resistance and related chronic diseases. Adipose tissue hypoxia, defined as a relative oxygen deficit, in obesity has been proposed as a potential contributor to adipose tissue dysfunction, but studies in humans have yielded conflicting results. Here, we will review the role of adipose tissue oxygenation in the pathophysiology of obesity-related complications, with a specific focus on human studies. We will provide an overview of the determinants of adipose tissue oxygenation, as well as the role of adipose tissue oxygenation in glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Finally, we will discuss the putative effects of physiological and experimental hypoxia on adipose tissue biology and whole-body metabolism in humans. We conclude that several lines of evidence suggest that alteration of adipose tissue oxygenation may impact metabolic homeostasis, thereby providing a novel strategy to combat chronic metabolic diseases in obese humans.

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脂肪组织的氧合作用：人类的观点。

肥胖症是一种过度肥胖的复杂疾病，并与不良健康影响相关，例如心脏代谢并发症，这在很大程度上归因于功能性的白色脂肪组织。脂肪组织功能障碍的特征是脂肪细胞肥大，脂肪因子分泌受损，慢性低度炎症状态，激素抵抗和代谢反应改变，共同导致胰岛素抵抗和相关的慢性疾病。已经提出肥胖中定义为相对氧缺乏的脂肪组织缺氧是导致脂肪组织功能障碍的潜在原因，但是人体研究却产生了矛盾的结果。在这里，我们将回顾脂肪组织充氧在肥胖相关并发症的病理生理中的作用，并将重点放在人体研究上。我们将概述脂肪组织氧合的决定因素，以及脂肪组织氧合在葡萄糖稳态，脂质代谢和炎症中的作用。最后，我们将讨论生理性缺氧和实验性缺氧对人体脂肪组织生物学和全身代谢的假定影响。我们得出结论，有几条证据表明，脂肪组织氧合的改变可能会影响代谢稳态，从而为对抗肥胖人类的慢性代谢性疾病提供了一种新的策略。我们将讨论生理性缺氧和实验性缺氧对人体脂肪组织生物学和全身代谢的推定作用。我们得出结论，有几条证据表明，脂肪组织氧合的改变可能会影响代谢稳态，从而为对抗肥胖人类的慢性代谢性疾病提供了一种新的策略。我们将讨论生理性缺氧和实验性缺氧对人体脂肪组织生物学和全身代谢的推定作用。我们得出结论，有几条证据表明，脂肪组织氧合的改变可能会影响代谢稳态，从而为对抗肥胖人类的慢性代谢性疾病提供了一种新的策略。