Rice is a staple food crop, which ensures the calorie requirement of half of the world's population. With the continued increase in population, rice will play a key role in achieving the food security. However, in the constantly shrinking scenario of rice fields, the necessity of these extra grains of rice must be met by reducing the yield loss due to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The adverse effects of climate impact both quality and quantity of rice production. One of the most desirable applications of CRISPR/Cas technology would be to develop climate smart rice crop to sustain and enhance its productivity in the changing environment. In this review, we analyze the desirable phenotypes and responsible genetic factors, which can be utilized to develop tolerance against major abiotic stresses imposed by climate change through genome engineering. The possibility of utilizing the information from wild resources to engineer the corresponding alleles of cultivated rice has been presented. We have also shed light on available resources for generating genome edited rice lines. The CRISPR/Cas mediated genome editing strategies for engineering of novel genes were proposed to create a plant phenotype, which can face the adversities of climate change. Further, challenges of off-targets and undesirable phenotype were discussed.

中文翻译：

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CRISPR介导的基因组工程开发气候智能水稻：挑战与机遇。

稻米是主要粮食作物，可确保世界一半人口的卡路里需求。随着人口的持续增加，大米将在实现粮食安全方面发挥关键作用。然而，在稻田不断缩小的情况下，必须通过减少由于各种非生物和生物胁迫引起的产量损失来满足这些多余稻米的必要性。气候的不利影响会影响稻米生产的质量和数量。CRISPR / Cas技术最理想的应用之一是发展气候智能稻米作物，以在不断变化的环境中维持并提高其生产力。在这篇综述中，我们分析了理想的表型和负责任的遗传因素，可通过基因组工程开发对气候变化施加的主要非生物胁迫的耐受性。已经提出利用野生资源的信息来改造栽培稻的相应等位基因的可能性。我们还阐明了用于生成基因组编辑的水稻品系的可用资源。提出了用CRISPR / Cas介导的基因组编辑策略对新基因进行工程改造，以创建一种植物表型，该表型可以应对气候变化的逆境。此外，讨论了脱靶和不良表型的挑战。提出了用CRISPR / Cas介导的基因组编辑策略对新基因进行工程改造，以创建一种植物表型，该表型可以应对气候变化的逆境。此外，讨论了脱靶和不良表型的挑战。提出了用CRISPR / Cas介导的基因组编辑策略对新基因进行工程改造，以创建一种植物表型，该表型可以应对气候变化的逆境。此外，讨论了脱靶和不良表型的挑战。