Children's development is largely dependent on caregiving; when caregiving is disrupted, children are at increased risk for numerous poor outcomes, in particular psychopathology. Therefore, determining how caregivers regulate children's affective neurobiology is essential for understanding psychopathology etiology and prevention. Much of the research on affective functioning uses fear learning to map maturation trajectories, with both rodent and human studies contributing knowledge. Nonetheless, as no standard framework exists through which to interpret developmental effects across species, research often remains siloed, thus contributing to the current therapeutic impasse. Here, we propose a developmental ecology framework that attempts to understand fear in the ecological context of the child: their relationship with their parent. By referring to developmental goals that are shared across species (to attach to, then, ultimately, separate from the parent), this framework provides a common grounding from which fear systems and their dysfunction can be understood, thus advancing research on psychopathologies and their treatment.

中文翻译：

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使用发育生态学框架来调整跨物种的恐惧神经生物学。

儿童的发展很大程度上依赖于照料；当照料中断时，儿童面临许多不良后果的风险增加，特别是精神病理学。因此，确定照顾者如何调节儿童的情感神经生物学对于了解精神病理学病因和预防至关重要。许多关于情感功能的研究使用恐惧学习来绘制成熟轨迹，啮齿动物和人类研究都贡献了知识。尽管如此，由于不存在解释跨物种发育影响的标准框架，因此研究通常仍然是孤立的，从而导致当前的治疗僵局。在这里，我们提出了一个发展生态学框架，试图在孩子的生态环境中理解恐惧：他们与父母的关系。