This article reviews the interactions of estrogen changes and psychosocial stress in contributing to vulnerability to major depressive disorder (MDD) in women. Estrogen modulates brain networks and processes related to changes in stress response, cognition, and emotional dysregulation that are core characteristics of MDD. Synergistic effects of estrogen on cognitive and emotional function, particularly during psychosocial stress, may underlie the association of ovarian hormone fluctuation and depression in women. We propose a model of estrogen effects on multiple brain systems that interface with stress-related emotional and cognitive processes implicated in MDD and discuss possible mechanisms through which reproductive events and changes in estrogen may contribute to MDD risk in women with other concurrent risk factors.

中文翻译：

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雌激素、压力和抑郁：认知和生物相互作用。

本文回顾了雌激素变化和社会心理压力在导致女性易患重度抑郁症 (MDD) 方面的相互作用。雌激素调节与压力反应、认知和情绪失调变化相关的大脑网络和过程，这些是 MDD 的核心特征。雌激素对认知和情绪功能的协同作用，尤其是在社会心理压力下，可能是女性卵巢激素波动与抑郁症相关的基础。我们提出了一个雌激素对多个大脑系统的影响模型，该模型与 MDD 中涉及的与压力相关的情绪和认知过程相互作用，并讨论了生殖事件和雌激素变化可能导致具有其他并发风险因素的女性的 MDD 风险的可能机制。