Ceria (CeO₂) as a support, additive, and active component for heterogeneous catalysis has been demonstrated to have great catalytic performance, which includes excellent thermal structural stability, catalytic efficiency, and chemoselectivity. Understanding the surface properties of CeO₂ and the chemical reactions occurred on the corresponding interfaces is of great importance in the rational design of heterogeneous catalysts for various reactions. In general, the reversible Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox pair and the surface acid-base properties contribute to the superior intrinsic catalytic capability of CeO₂, and hence yield enhanced catalytic phenomenon in many reactions. Particularly, nanostructured CeO₂ is characterized by a large number of surface-bound defects, which are primarily oxygen vacancies, as the surface active catalytic sites. Many efforts have therefore been made to control the surface defects and properties of CeO₂ by various synthetic strategies and post-treatments. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in regulating the surface structure and composition of CeO₂ and its applications in catalysis.

二氧化铈（CeO ₂）作为多相催化的载体，添加剂和活性组分已被证明具有出色的催化性能，包括出色的热结构稳定性，催化效率和化学选择性。了解CeO ₂的表面性质以及在相应界面上发生的化学反应对于合理设计用于各种反应的非均相催化剂具有重要意义。通常，可逆的Ce ³⁺ / Ce ⁴⁺氧化还原对和表面酸碱性质有助于CeO ₂的优异固有催化能力，因此在许多反应中产生增强的催化现象。尤其是纳米结构的CeO ₂其特征在于大量表面结合缺陷，主要是氧空位，作为表面活性催化位点。因此，已经通过各种合成策略和后处理进行了许多努力来控制CeO ₂的表面缺陷和性能。本综述提供了关于调节CeO ₂的表面结构和组成及其在催化中的应用的最新进展的全面概述。