Over several decades, glucosinolates have become a model system for the study of specialized metabolic diversity in plants. The near-complete identification of biosynthetic enzymes, regulators, and transporters has provided support for the role of gene duplication and subsequent changes in gene expression, protein function, and substrate specificity as the evolutionary bases of glucosinolate diversity. Here, we provide examples of how whole-genome duplications, gene rearrangements, and substrate promiscuity potentiated the evolution of glucosinolate biosynthetic enzymes, regulators, and transporters by natural selection. This in turn may have led to the repeated evolution of glucosinolate metabolism and diversity in higher plants.

中文翻译：

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通过全基因组复制、基因重排和底物混杂来进化硫代葡萄糖苷多样性

几十年来，硫代葡萄糖苷已成为研究植物特殊代谢多样性的模型系统。生物合成酶、调节剂和转运蛋白的近乎完整的鉴定为基因复制的作用以及基因表达、蛋白质功能和底物特异性的后续变化作为硫代葡萄糖苷多样性的进化基础提供了支持。在这里，我们提供了全基因组重复、基因重排和底物混杂如何通过自然选择增强硫代葡萄糖苷生物合成酶、调节剂和转运蛋白的进化的例子。这反过来可能导致了高等植物中芥子油苷代谢和多样性的重复进化。