The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) faces a considerable challenge. It encounters antigens derived from an estimated 1014 commensal microbes and greater than 30 kg of food proteins yearly. It must distinguish these harmless antigens from potential pathogens and mount the appropriate host immune response. Local and systemic hyporesponsiveness to dietary antigens, classically referred to as oral tolerance, comprises a distinct complement of adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses. It is increasingly evident that a functional epithelial barrier engaged in intimate interplay with innate immune cells and the resident microbiota is critical to establishing and maintaining oral tolerance. Moreover, innate immune cells serve as a bridge between the microbiota, epithelium, and the adaptive immune system, parlaying tonic microbial stimulation into signals critical for mucosal homeostasis. Dysregulation of gut homeostasis and the subsequent disruption of tolerance therefore have clinically significant consequences for the development of food allergy.

中文翻译：

---

微生物组和食物过敏。

肠道相关淋巴组织（GALT）面临着相当大的挑战。它每年会遇到来自估计 1014 种共生微生物和超过 30 公斤食物蛋白质的抗原。它必须将这些无害的抗原与潜在的病原体区分开来，并引发适当的宿主免疫反应。对饮食抗原的局部和全身反应低下，通常称为口服耐受，包括适应性细胞和体液免疫反应的独特补充。越来越明显的是，功能性上皮屏障与先天免疫细胞和常驻微生物群密切相互作用，对于建立和维持口服耐受性至关重要。此外，先天免疫细胞充当微生物群、上皮细胞和适应性免疫系统之间的桥梁，将强效微生物刺激转化为对粘膜稳态至关重要的信号。因此，肠道稳态失调和随后的耐受性破坏对食物过敏的发生具有临床上显着的影响。