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Current Workload Recommendations in Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review.
The American Journal of Sports Medicine ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-23 , DOI: 10.1177/0363546519831010
Neil K Bakshi 1 , Paul M Inclan 2 , Jacob M Kirsch 1 , Asheesh Bedi 1 , Cristine Agresta 3 , Michael T Freehill 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Several recommendations have been made regarding pitch counts and workload for baseball players of different levels, including Little League, high school, collegiate, and professional baseball. However, little consensus is found in the literature regarding the scientific basis for many of these recommendations. PURPOSE The primary purpose of this study was to summarize the evidence regarding immediate and long-term musculoskeletal responses to increasing pitching workload in baseball pitchers of all levels. A secondary purpose of this review was to evaluate the extent to which workload influences injury and/or performance in baseball pitchers. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS We performed a systematic search in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for studies addressing physiologic and/or pathologic musculoskeletal changes in response to a quantifiable pitching workload. We included studies examining the effects of pitching workload on performance, injury rate, and musculoskeletal changes in Little League, high school, collegiate, and professional baseball players. RESULTS We identified 28 studies that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria: 16 studies regarding Little League and high school pitchers and 12 studies regarding collegiate and professional pitchers. The current evidence presented suggests that increased pitching workload may be associated with an increased risk of pain, injury, and arm fatigue in Little League and high school pitchers. However, little consensus was found in the literature regarding the association between pitching workload and physiologic or pathologic changes in collegiate and professional pitchers. CONCLUSION Evidence, although limited, suggests the use of pitch counts to decrease injury rates and pain in Little League and high school baseball pitchers. However, further research must be performed to determine the appropriate number of pitches (or throws) for players of different ages. This systematic review reported conflicting evidence regarding the use of pitch counts in college and professional baseball. Future high-quality research is required to determine the role, if any, of pitch counts for collegiate and professional pitchers.

中文翻译:

棒球投手中的当前工作量建议:系统综述。

背景技术已经针对不同级别的棒球运动员(包括小联盟,高中,大学和职业棒球)的球数和工作量提出了一些建议。但是,关于许多建议的科学依据,文献中几乎没有共识。目的本研究的主要目的是总结有关各级棒球投手增加投球量的即时和长期肌肉骨骼反应的证据。这项审查的第二个目的是评估工作量在多大程度上影响棒球投手的伤害和/或表现。研究设计系统评价。方法我们根据PRISMA(系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目)指南进行了系统的搜索,以研究针对可量化的俯仰工作量而引起的生理和/或病理性肌肉骨骼变化的研究。我们进行了一些研究,研究了投球工作量对小联盟,高中,大学和职业棒球运动员的成绩,受伤率和肌肉骨骼变化的影响。结果我们确定了28项符合纳入和排除标准的研究:16项关于小联盟和高中投手的研究,12项关于大学和职业投手的研究。目前提供的证据表明,投球工作量的增加可能与疼痛,受伤,小联盟和高中投手的手臂疲劳。但是,关于投球工作量与大学和专业投手的生理或病理变化之间的关系,在文献中几乎没有共识。结论尽管证据有限,但有证据表明,在小联盟和高中棒球投手中,使用球场计数来减少受伤率和疼痛。但是,必须进行进一步的研究,以确定适合不同年龄段球员的投球(或掷球)的合适数量。这份系统的评论报道了关于在大学和职业棒球中使用音高计数的矛盾证据。需要对未来的高质量研究进行确定,以确定大学和专业投手的音高计数(如果有)。关于投球工作量与大学和专业投手的生理或病理变化之间的关系,在文献中几乎没有共识。结论尽管证据有限,但有证据表明,在小联盟和高中棒球投手中,使用球场计数来减少受伤率和疼痛。但是,必须进行进一步的研究,以确定适合不同年龄段球员的投球(或掷球)的合适数量。这份系统的评论报道了关于在大学和职业棒球中使用音高计数的矛盾证据。需要对未来的高质量研究进行确定,以确定大学和专业投手的音高计数(如果有)。关于投球工作量与大学和专业投手的生理或病理变化之间的关系,在文献中几乎没有共识。结论尽管证据有限,但有证据表明,在小联盟和高中棒球投手中,使用球场计数来减少受伤率和疼痛。但是,必须进行进一步的研究,以确定适合不同年龄段球员的投球(或掷球)的合适数量。这份系统的评论报道了关于在大学和职业棒球中使用音高计数的矛盾证据。需要对未来的高质量研究进行确定,以确定大学和专业投手的音高计数(如果有)。结论尽管证据有限,但有证据表明在小联盟和高中棒球投手中使用球数可以减少受伤率和疼痛。但是,必须进行进一步的研究,以确定适合不同年龄段球员的投球(或掷球)的合适数量。这份系统的评论报道了关于在大学和职业棒球中使用音高计数的矛盾证据。需要对未来的高质量研究进行确定,以确定大学和专业投手的音高计数(如果有)。结论尽管证据有限,但有证据表明,在小联盟和高中棒球投手中,使用球场计数来减少受伤率和疼痛。但是,必须进行进一步的研究,以确定适合不同年龄段球员的投球(或掷球)的合适数量。这份系统的评论报告了有关在大学和职业棒球中使用音高计数的矛盾证据。需要对未来的高质量研究进行确定,以确定大学和专业投手的音高计数(如果有)。这份系统的评论报道了关于在大学和职业棒球中使用音高计数的矛盾证据。需要对未来的高质量研究进行确定,以确定大学和专业投手的音高计数(如果有)。这份系统的评论报道了关于在大学和职业棒球中使用音高计数的矛盾证据。需要对未来的高质量研究进行确定,以确定大学和专业投手的音高计数(如果有)。
更新日期:2019-12-27
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