The cuprate superconductors exhibit ubiquitous instabilities toward charge-ordered states. These unusual electronic states break the spatial symmetries of the host crystal, and have been widely appreciated as essential ingredients for constructing a theory for high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates. Here, we report real-space imaging of the doping-dependent charge orders in the epitaxial thin films of a canonical cuprate compound La_2–xSr_xCuO₄ using scanning tunneling microscopy. As the films are moderately doped, we observe a crossover from incommensurate to commensurate (4a₀, where a₀ is the Cu–O–Cu distance) stripes. Furthermore, at lower and higher doping levels, the charge orders occur in the form of distorted Wigner crystal and grid phase of crossed vertical and horizontal stripes. We discuss how the charge orders are stabilized, and their interplay with superconductivity.

铜酸盐超导体对电荷有序状态表现出普遍的不稳定性。这些不寻常的电子态破坏了主体晶体的空间对称性，并已被广泛理解为构建铜酸盐中高温超导理论的基本成分。在这里，我们报道了使用扫描隧道显微镜对规范的铜酸盐化合物La _{2– x} Sr _x CuO ₄的外延薄膜中的掺杂相关电荷阶进行实空间成像。由于薄膜是中等掺杂的，因此我们观察到从不相称到相称的交叉（4 a ₀，其中a ₀是Cu–O–Cu距离）条纹。此外，在较低和较高的掺杂水平下，电荷次序以扭曲的维格纳晶体和交叉的垂直和水平条纹的网格相的形式出现。我们讨论了电荷阶数如何稳定以及它们与超导性的相互作用。