The past decade has witnessed unprecedented development in genome engineering, a process that enables targeted modification of genomes. The identification of sequence-specific nucleases such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the CRISPR/Cas system, in particular, has led to precise and efficient introduction of genetic variations into genomes of various organisms. Since the CRISPR/Cas system is highly versatile, cost-effective and much superior to ZFNs and TALENs, its widespread adoption by the research community has been inevitable. In plants, a number of studies have shown that CRISPR/Cas could be a potential tool in basic research where insertion, deletion and/or substitution in the genetic sequence could help answer fundamental questions about plant processes, and in applied research these technologies could help build or reverse-engineer plant systems to make them more useful. In this review article, we summarize technologies for precise editing of genomes with a special focus on the CRISPR/Cas system, highlight the latest developments in the CRISPR/Cas system and discuss the challenges and prospects in using the system for plant biology research.

中文翻译：

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精确编辑植物基因组-前景与挑战。

过去十年见证了基因组工程领域的空前发展，这一过程可实现目标基因组的修饰。序列特异性核酸酶（例如锌指核酸酶（ZFN），转录激活因子样效应子核酸酶（TALEN））和CRISPR / Cas系统的鉴定尤其导致将遗传变异精确有效地引入各种基因组中。生物。由于CRISPR / Cas系统具有高度的通用性，成本效益并且远远优于ZFN和TALEN，因此不可避免地会被研究团体广泛采用。在植物中，许多研究表明CRISPR / Cas可能是基础研究中的一种潜在工具，其中基因序列中的插入，缺失和/或取代可以帮助回答有关植物过程的基本问题，在应用研究中，这些技术可以帮助构建或对工厂系统进行逆向工程，使其更加有用。在这篇综述文章中，我们总结了精确编辑基因组的技术，其中特别着重于CRISPR / Cas系统，重点介绍了CRISPR / Cas系统的最新发展，并讨论了将该系统用于植物生物学研究的挑战和前景。