Gene expression regulation, including loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays, is a powerful method to study developmental and disease mechanisms. Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model system particularly well-equipped with many genetic tools. In this review, we describe and discuss the gene expression regulation techniques recently developed and their applications, including the CRISPR/Cas9-triggered heritable mutation system, CRISPR/dCas9-based transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) system, and CRISPR/dCas9-based transcriptional repression (CRISPRi) system, as well as the next-generation transgenic RNAi system. The main purpose of this review is to provide the fly research community with an updated summary of newly developed gene expression regulation techniques and help the community to select appropriate methods and optimize the research strategy.

基因表达调控，包括功能丧失和功能获得分析，是研究发育和疾病机制的有效方法。果蝇是一个理想的模型系统，特别是配备了许多遗传工具的设备。在这篇综述中，我们描述和讨论了最近开发的基因表达调控技术及其应用，包括CRISPR / Cas9触发的可遗传突变系统，基于CRISPR / dCas9的转录激活（CRISPRa）系统以及基于CRISPR / dCas9的转录抑制（CRISPRi）系统以及下一代转基因RNAi系统。这篇综述的主要目的是为果蝇研究社区提供最新开发的基因表达调控技术的最新摘要，并帮助该社区选择合适的方法并优化研究策略。