Arterial inflammation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, and appropriate management of this inflammation represents a major unmet therapeutic need for cardiovascular disease patients. Here, we review the diverse contributions of immune cells to atherosclerosis, the mechanisms of immune cell activation in this context, and the cytokine circuits that underlie disease progression. We discuss the recent application of these insights in the form of immunotherapy to treat cardiovascular disease and highlight how studies on the cardiovascular co-morbidity that arises in autoimmunity might reveal additional roles for cytokines in atherosclerosis. Currently, data point to interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-17 as cytokines that, at least in some settings, are effective targets to reduce cardiovascular disease progression.

中文翻译：

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心血管疾病中的细胞因子回路。

动脉炎症是动脉粥样硬化的标志，对这种炎症的适当治疗代表了心血管疾病患者未得到满足的主要治疗需求。在这里，我们回顾了免疫细胞对动脉粥样硬化的不同贡献、在这种情况下免疫细胞激活的机制，以及疾病进展背后的细胞因子回路。我们讨论了最近以免疫疗法的形式应用这些见解来治疗心血管疾病，并强调了对自身免疫中出现的心血管合并症的研究如何可能揭示细胞因子在动脉粥样硬化中的其他作用。目前，数据表明白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF) 和 IL-17 作为细胞因子，至少在某些情况下是减缓心血管疾病进展的有效靶点。