Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is an evolutionarily conserved system that is pivotal in controlling gut and systemic inflammation. Its main properties, essentially discovered in terrestrial mammals, include regulation of enterocyte luminal surface pH and barrier function, detoxication of pro‐inflammatory microbial components, modulation of the gut microbiota and control of nutrient absorption (e.g. calcium, phosphorus, fatty acids). In return, enzymatic activity is modulated by gut microbes, cytokines, dietary nutrients and bioactive food components. Numerous data have been published on intestinal alkaline phosphatase in fish, especially in the contexts of biological development, nutrition and environment for sustainable aquaculture. This review provides a considerable account of basic and applied knowledge pertaining to this important protective enzyme in fish, and concludes that many features of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in fish fit those reported in terrestrial mammals, especially in its modulation by nutrients and bioactives in food. Notably, food intake is a strong inducer of intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity and is often not reported in publications, thus leading to some erroneous conclusions. Gaps in knowledge, e.g. on enzyme isoforms and molecular mechanisms involved in physiological and immunological (inflammatory) responses to biotic and abiotic factors, exist in fish and need to be considered. Future work should take into account food intake and both enzymatic activities as well as isoform expressions in order to further characterise in fish the important defensive functions of this highly conserved intestinal enzyme.

中文翻译：

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鱼胃肠道中的肠碱性磷酸酶：生物学，个体发育以及环境和营养调节

肠道碱性磷酸酶是一个进化保守的系统，在控制肠道和全身性炎症中至关重要。它的主要特性主要在陆生哺乳动物中发现，包括调节肠上皮细胞腔表面的pH值和屏障功能，促炎性微生物成分的解毒，调节肠道菌群和控制营养吸收（例如钙，磷，脂肪酸）。作为回报，酶活性受肠道微生物，细胞因子，饮食营养和生物活性食品成分的调节。关于鱼类肠道碱性磷酸酶的大量数据已经发表，特别是在生物发展，营养和可持续水产养殖环境的背景下。这篇综述提供了有关鱼类中这种重要保护酶的基本知识和应用知识，并得出结论，鱼类中肠道碱性磷酸酶的许多特征与陆生哺乳动物中报道的特征相符，尤其是其在食物中营养和生物活性物质的调节中。值得注意的是，食物摄入是肠道碱性磷酸酶活性的强烈诱导剂，并且在出版物中通常没有报道，因此得出一些错误的结论。鱼类中存在知识空白，例如关于对生物和非生物因素的生理和免疫（炎症）反应所涉及的酶同工型和分子机制的知识，需要加以考虑。