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Sex-Specific Relationship Between Long-Term Maintenance of Physical Activity and Cognition in the Health ABC Study: Potential Role of Hippocampal and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Volume
The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-08 , DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz093
Cindy K Barha 1, 2 , John R Best 1, 2 , Caterina Rosano 3 , Kristine Yaffe 4, 5, 6 , Janet M Catov 4 , Teresa Liu-Ambrose 1, 2, 7
Affiliation  

Abstract
Background
Physical activity (PA) is a promising strategy for the promotion of brain health, although substantial variation exists in the effects of PA at the individual level. Given the greater prevalence and faster progression of Alzheimer’s disease in women compared to men, and known sex differences in brain architecture, analysis of sex differences in the relationship between PA, cognition, and brain region volumes is warranted.
Methods
To address this, we conducted secondary analyses of data from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. To determine whether longitudinal changes in PA over 10 years predicted declines in global cognitive functioning and executive functions and processing speed differently in males and females, latent growth curve modeling was utilized. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at year 10, and the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were identified as regions of interest.
Results
Maintaining PA over 10 years predicted less declines in executive functions and processing speed in females but not males. Maintaining PA over 10 years was significantly associated with greater volume of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a brain region involved in executive functions, in year 10 in females only. Maintaining physical activity was associated with better global cognitive function in both males and females, and also predicted volume of the left hippocampus, albeit in different directions with females showing a negative relationship and males showing a positive relationship.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that the relationship of PA with cognition and its neurobiological correlates differ by sex, with females apparently benefiting from PA to a greater extent than males. Development of personalized, tailored exercise recommendations to promote healthy brain aging should account for sex differences.


中文翻译:

长期保持身体活动与健康ABC研究中的认知之间的性别特定关系:海马和背外侧前额叶皮层体积的潜在作用

抽象的
背景
身体活动(PA)是促进脑部健康的一种有前途的策略,尽管在个人层面上PA的效果存在很大差异。鉴于女性比男性患阿尔茨海默氏病的患病率更高,病情进展更快,并且大脑结构中存在已知的性别差异,因此有必要对PA,认知和大脑区域体积之间的关系进行性别差异分析。
方法
为了解决这个问题,我们对“健康,衰老和身体成分”研究的数据进行了二次分析。为了确定超过10年的PA的纵向变化是否预测了男性和女性的整体认知功能和执行功能以及处理速度的下降,使用了潜在的生长曲线模型。在第10年进行了磁共振成像,海马和背外侧前额叶皮层被确定为感兴趣的区域。
结果
保持PA超过10年,女性的执行功能和处理速度下降的幅度较小,而男性则没有。仅在10岁的女性中,保持PA 10年以上与左背外侧前额叶皮层(参与执行功能的大脑区域)的体积较大相关。维持体力活动与男性和女性更好的整体认知功能有关,并且还预测了左海马体的体积,尽管在不同方向上女性表现为负相关,男性表现为正相关。
结论
这些发现表明,PA与认知的关系及其神经生物学相关性因性别而异,女性显然比PA受益于PA的程度更大。制定个性化,量身定制的运动建议以促进健康的大脑衰老,应解决性别差异。
更新日期:2020-04-17
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