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Do modals identify better models? A comparison of signal detection and probabilistic models of inductive reasoning
Cognitive Psychology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2019.03.004
Caren M Rotello 1 , Evan Heit 2 , Laura J Kelly 3
Affiliation  

The nature of the relationship between deductive and inductive reasoning is a hotly debated topic. A key question is whether there is a single dimension of evidence underlying both deductive and inductive judgments. Following Rips (2001), Rotello and Heit (2009) and Heit and Rotello (2010) implemented one- and two-dimensional models grounded in signal detection theory to assess predictions for receiver operating characteristic data (ROCs), and concluded in favor of the two-dimensional model. Recently, Lassiter and Goodman (2015) proposed a different type of one-dimensional model, the Probability Threshold Model (PTM), that they concluded offered a good account of data collected over a range of decision modals (e.g., How likely, possible, or necessary is the argument conclusion?). Here, we apply the PTM and the signal detection models to ROCs from 3 large experiments in which participants made judgments about arguments varying in terms of modals introduced by Lassiter and Goodman (2015). Two independent variables that are theoretically important for the study of inductive reasoning, namely premise-conclusion similarity (as utilized in Heit & Rotello, 2010) and number of premises (as utilized in Rotello & Heit, 2009), are also varied in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In all cases, the PTM provides the poorest fit both quantitatively and qualitatively; the two-dimensional signal detection model is preferred.

中文翻译:

模态能识别更好的模型吗?归纳推理的信号检测和概率模型的比较

演绎推理和归纳推理之间关系的性质是一个激烈争论的话题。一个关键问题是在演绎和归纳判断的基础上是否存在单一的证据维度。继 Rips (2001) 之后,Rotello 和 Heit (2009) 以及 Heit 和 Rotello (2010) 实施了以信号检测理论为基础的一维和二维模型,以评估对接收器操作特征数据 (ROC) 的预测,并得出结论支持二维模型。最近,Lassiter 和 Goodman (2015) 提出了一种不同类型的一维模型,即概率阈值模型 (PTM),他们得出结论,该模型很好地说明了在一系列决策模式(例如,可能性有多大、可能、还是必须是论证结论?)。这里,我们将 PTM 和信号检测模型应用于来自 3 个大型实验的 ROC,其中参与者根据 Lassiter 和 Goodman(2015)引入的模态对不同的参数做出判断。两个对归纳推理研究在理论上很重要的自变量,即前提-结论相似性(在 Heit & Rotello,2010 中使用)和前提数量(在 Rotello & Heit,2009 中使用),在实验 1 中也有所不同和 2,分别。在所有情况下,PTM 在数量和质量上都提供了最差的拟合;优选二维信号检测模型。两个对归纳推理研究在理论上很重要的自变量,即前提-结论相似性(在 Heit & Rotello,2010 中使用)和前提数量(在 Rotello & Heit,2009 中使用),在实验 1 中也有所不同和 2,分别。在所有情况下,PTM 在数量和质量上都提供了最差的拟合;优选二维信号检测模型。两个对归纳推理研究在理论上很重要的自变量,即前提-结论相似性(在 Heit & Rotello,2010 中使用)和前提数量(在 Rotello & Heit,2009 中使用),在实验 1 中也有所不同和 2,分别。在所有情况下,PTM 在数量和质量上都提供了最差的拟合;优选二维信号检测模型。
更新日期:2019-08-01
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