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Elevated [CO2 ] effects on crops: Advances in understanding acclimation, nitrogen dynamics and interactions with drought and other organisms.
Plant Biology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-03 , DOI: 10.1111/plb.12994 S Tausz-Posch 1 , M Tausz 1, 2 , M Bourgault 3
Plant Biology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-03 , DOI: 10.1111/plb.12994 S Tausz-Posch 1 , M Tausz 1, 2 , M Bourgault 3
Affiliation
Future rapid increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2 ] are expected, with values likely to reach ~550 ppm by mid-century. This implies that every terrestrial plant will be exposed to nearly 40% more of one of the key resources determining plant growth. In this review we highlight selected areas of plant interactions with elevated [CO2 ] (e[CO2 ]), where recently published experiments challenge long-held, simplified views. Focusing on crops, especially in more extreme and variable growing conditions, we highlight uncertainties associated with four specific areas. (1) While it is long known that photosynthesis can acclimate to e[CO2 ], such acclimation is not consistently observed in field experiments. The influence of sink-source relations and nitrogen (N) limitation on acclimation is investigated and current knowledge about whether stomatal function or mesophyll conductance (gm ) acclimate independently is summarised. (2) We show how the response of N uptake to e[CO2 ] is highly variable, even for one cultivar grown within the same field site, and how decreases in N concentrations ([N]) are observed consistently. Potential mechanisms contributing to [N] decreases under e[CO2 ] are discussed and proposed solutions are addressed. (3) Based on recent results from crop field experiments in highly variable, non-irrigated, water-limited environments, we challenge the previous opinion that the relative CO2 effect is larger under drier environmental conditions. (4) Finally, we summarise how changes in growth and nutrient concentrations due to e[CO2 ] will influence relationships between crops and weeds, herbivores and pathogens in agricultural systems.
中文翻译:
对作物的[CO2]升高的影响:在理解驯化,氮动态以及与干旱和其他生物的相互作用方面的进展。
预计大气中二氧化碳的浓度[CO2]会迅速增加,到本世纪中叶可能会达到约550 ppm。这意味着,每一种陆生植物都将面临决定植物生长的关键资源之一的40%以上的暴露。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了高[CO2](e [CO2])与植物相互作用的选定区域,最近发表的实验挑战了长期存在的简化视图。着眼于农作物,尤其是在更为极端和多变的生长条件下,我们着重指出与四个特定领域相关的不确定性。(1)尽管人们早就知道光合作用可以适应e [CO2],但在野外实验中并不能始终观察到这种适应。研究了汇源关系和氮(N)限制对适应的影响,并总结了有关气孔功能或叶肉传导(gm)是否独立适应的当前知识。(2)我们展示了即使对于在同一田地中生长的一个品种,N吸收对e [CO2]的响应如何高度可变,以及如何始终观察到N浓度([N])的降低。讨论了在e [CO2]下导致[N]减少的潜在机制,并提出了解决方案。(3)基于最近在高度变化,非灌溉,水有限的环境中进行的田间试验的结果,我们质疑先前的观点,即在较干燥的环境条件下,相对CO2效应更大。(4)最后,
更新日期:2019-05-03
中文翻译:
对作物的[CO2]升高的影响:在理解驯化,氮动态以及与干旱和其他生物的相互作用方面的进展。
预计大气中二氧化碳的浓度[CO2]会迅速增加,到本世纪中叶可能会达到约550 ppm。这意味着,每一种陆生植物都将面临决定植物生长的关键资源之一的40%以上的暴露。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了高[CO2](e [CO2])与植物相互作用的选定区域,最近发表的实验挑战了长期存在的简化视图。着眼于农作物,尤其是在更为极端和多变的生长条件下,我们着重指出与四个特定领域相关的不确定性。(1)尽管人们早就知道光合作用可以适应e [CO2],但在野外实验中并不能始终观察到这种适应。研究了汇源关系和氮(N)限制对适应的影响,并总结了有关气孔功能或叶肉传导(gm)是否独立适应的当前知识。(2)我们展示了即使对于在同一田地中生长的一个品种,N吸收对e [CO2]的响应如何高度可变,以及如何始终观察到N浓度([N])的降低。讨论了在e [CO2]下导致[N]减少的潜在机制,并提出了解决方案。(3)基于最近在高度变化,非灌溉,水有限的环境中进行的田间试验的结果,我们质疑先前的观点,即在较干燥的环境条件下,相对CO2效应更大。(4)最后,