The rapid progression of portable and wearable electronics has necessitated the development of high-performing, miniaturized energy-storage devices with flexible form factors and high energy and power delivery. Printed micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), with in-plane interdigital configurations, is touted as a promising choice to fulfill these requirements. New printing technologies can assemble MSCs with fiscal and environmental benefits, large form factors, and at high throughputs, qualities not afforded with conventional microfabrication technologies. Here, recent progress in the preparation of functional ink systems for wearable MSCs, encompassing electrode materials, conductor materials, and electrolytes, is presented. First, a comprehensive background of the fundamentals of printing technology is introduced, with discussions focusing on methods of improving ink functionality while simultaneously retaining good printability. Second, various printing techniques to ensure manufacturable scaling of wearable MSCs with high areal electrochemical performance and small footprint are explored. Within the scope of these two topics, various issues that hinder the full materialization of widespread adoption of printed MSC and next steps to overcome these issues are discussed. Further deep dives in scientific and technical challenges are also presented, including limited functionality of the inks, low printing resolution, overlay accuracy, and complex encapsulation.

中文翻译：

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印刷微型超级电容器的最新发展：可印刷材料，印刷技术和观点。

便携式和可穿戴电子产品的快速发展已迫切需要开发高性能，小型化，具有灵活形状因数和高能量和功率传输的储能设备。具有平面叉指配置的印刷微型超级电容器（MSC）被认为是满足这些要求的有前途的选择。新的印刷技术可以使MSC组装起来，从而获得财政和环境效益，大尺寸尺寸以及高产量，而这些质量是传统微加工技术无法提供的。在此，介绍了可穿戴MSC的功能性油墨系统的制备的最新进展，该体系包括电极材料，导体材料和电解质。首先，介绍印刷技术基础知识的综合背景，讨论的重点是在改善墨水功能性的同时保持良好可打印性的方法。其次，探索了各种印刷技术，以确保可穿戴的MSC具有可缩放的尺寸，且具有较高的电化学性能和较小的占地面积。在这两个主题的范围内，讨论了阻碍充分实现印刷MSC广泛采用的各种问题以及克服这些问题的下一步。还提出了对科学和技术挑战的进一步深入研究，包括油墨的功能有限，印刷分辨率低，覆盖精度和复杂的封装。探索了各种印刷技术，以确保可穿戴MSC的可制造规模，高电化学性能和小占位面积。在这两个主题的范围内，讨论了阻碍充分实现印刷MSC广泛采用的各种问题以及克服这些问题的下一步。还提出了对科学和技术挑战的进一步深入研究，包括油墨的功能有限，印刷分辨率低，覆盖精度和复杂的封装。探索了各种印刷技术，以确保可穿戴MSC的可制造规模，高电化学性能和小占位面积。在这两个主题的范围内，讨论了阻碍充分实现印刷MSC广泛采用的各种问题以及克服这些问题的下一步。还提出了对科学和技术挑战的进一步深入研究，包括油墨的功能有限，印刷分辨率低，覆盖精度和复杂的封装。