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Social contact and hormonal changes predict post-conflict cooperation between friends
Evolution and Human Behavior ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.03.001
Joyce F. Benenson , Lindsay J. Hillyer , Maxwell M. White , Sera Kantor , Melissa Emery Thompson , Henry Markovits , Richard W. Wrangham

Abstract Long-term cooperation between individuals necessitates repairing damage arising from inevitable competing interests. How two members of a valuable relationship switch from competing to cooperating constitutes an important problem for any social species. Observations of non-human animals suggest that affiliative contact immediately following a contest facilitates continued cooperation. Behavioral studies further indicate that winners and losers frequently differ in hormonal changes following a competition. We tested the hypothesis that immediate contact with increases in cortisol (and testosterone for men) for winners following competition would facilitate subsequent cooperation between adult same-sex friends. Results show that contact (versus no contact) immediately following competition enhanced subsequent cooperation between female friends. During contact, increases in winner's cortisol for both sexes, and in testosterone for men, predicted future cooperation. Our results suggest two mechanisms that maintain social bonds following competition between established allies.

中文翻译:

社交接触和荷尔蒙变化可预测朋友之间的冲突后合作

摘要 个人之间的长期合作需要修复不可避免的利益竞争造成的损害。宝贵关系中的两个成员如何从竞争转变为合作,对任何社会物种来说都是一个重要问题。对非人类动物的观察表明,在比赛后立即进行从属接触有助于持续合作。行为研究进一步表明,赢家和输家在比赛后的荷尔蒙变化经常不同。我们测试了这样一个假设,即比赛后获胜者立即接触皮质醇(男性睾丸激素)增加会促进成年同性朋友之间的后续合作。结果表明,在比赛后立即接触(与不接触)增强了女性朋友之间的后续合作。在接触过程中,两性获胜者皮质醇和男性睾丸激素的增加预示着未来的合作。我们的研究结果表明,在既定盟友之间进行竞争后,有两种机制可以维持社会联系。
更新日期:2019-07-01
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