BACKGROUND Household contacts (HHCs) of individuals with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are at high risk of infection and subsequent disease. There is limited evidence on the willingness of MDR-TB HHCs to take MDR-TB preventive therapy (MDR TPT) to decrease their risk of TB disease. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of HHCs of MDR-TB and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) index cases from 16 clinical research sites in 8 countries, enrollees were interviewed to assess willingness to take a hypothetical, newly developed MDR TPT if offered. To identify factors associated with willingness to take MDR TPT, a marginal logistic model was fitted using generalized estimating equations to account for household-level clustering. RESULTS From 278 MDR-TB/RR-TB index case households, 743 HHCs were enrolled; the median age of HHCs was 33 (interquartile range, 22-49) years, and 62% were women. HHC willingness to take hypothetical MDR TPT was high (79%) and remained high even with the potential for mild side effects (70%). Increased willingness was significantly associated with current employment or schooling (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.83 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.07-3.13]), appropriate TB-related knowledge (aOR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.23-3.99]), confidence in taking MDR TPT (aOR, 7.16 [95% CI, 3.33-15.42]), and being comfortable telling others about taking MDR TPT (aOR, 2.29 [95% CI, 1.29-4.06]). CONCLUSIONS The high percentage of HHCs of MDR-TB/RR-TB index cases willing to take hypothetical MDR TPT provides important evidence for the potential uptake of effective MDR TPT when implemented. Identified HHC-level variables associated with willingness may inform education and counseling efforts to increase HHC confidence in and uptake of MDR TPT.

中文翻译：

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MDR-TB 指标病例的成人和青少年家庭接触者接受耐多药结核病 (MDR-TB) 预防性治疗的意愿：一项国际多地点横断面研究。

背景 耐多药结核病 (MDR-TB) 患者的家庭接触者 (HHC) 处于感染和后续疾病的高风险中。关于耐多药结核病 HHC 愿意接受耐多药结核病预防性治疗 (MDR TPT) 以降低其患结核病风险的证据有限。方法 在这项对来自 8 个国家的 16 个临床研究中心的耐多药结核病和耐利福平结核病 (RR-TB) 指示病例的 HHC 的横断面研究中，参与者接受采访以评估是否愿意接受假设的新开发的耐多药 TPT，如果提供。为了确定与接受 MDR TPT 意愿相关的因素，使用广义估计方程拟合边际逻辑模型，以解释家庭级别的聚类。结果 从 278 个 MDR-TB/RR-TB 指示病例家庭中，招募了 743 个 HHC；HHC 的中位年龄为 33（四分位距，22-49）岁，62% 是女性。HHC 愿意接受假设的 MDR TPT 的意愿很高（79%），即使有轻微副作用的可能性（70%）也仍然很高。意愿的增加与当前的就业或学校教育显着相关（调整后的优势比 [aOR]，1.83 [95% 置信区间 {CI}，1.07-3.13]），适当的结核病相关知识（aOR，2.22 [95% CI，1.23- 3.99]），对服用 MDR TPT 的信心（aOR，7.16 [95% CI，3.33-15.42]），并且愿意告诉别人服用 MDR TPT（aOR，2.29 [95% CI，1.29-4.06]）。结论 愿意接受假设的 MDR TPT 的 MDR-TB/RR-TB 指标病例中 HHC 的比例很高，这为实施时可能采用有效的 MDR TPT 提供了重要证据。