Oat (Avena nuda L.) is a nutritious grain crop, rich in dietary fibers and phytochemicals. Application of efficient nitrogen (N) sources and dose is very important to obtain higher crop productivity and to achieve environmental sustainability. The exploitation of natural beneficial microbes and organic nitrogen in combination with chemical nitrogen would be effective to boost soil N for plant uptake. Hence, a field experiment was conducted during 2016 and 2017 with the aim to ameliorate the use of chemical N (CN) with organic nitrogen (ON) and microbial fertilizer (MBF) without compromising the productivity of oat. T1 = control, T2 = 100% CN, T3 = 100% CN+MBF, T4 = 75% CN+ 25% ON+MBF, T5 = 50% CN+ 50% ON+MBF, T6 = 100% ON+MBF, T7 = 100% ON were the treatments. 50% CN + 50% ON + MBF treatment proved to be an efficient combination regarding enhanced biomass and grain yield, nitrogen uptake and NUE as compared to rest of the treatments in both years. During the critical stages of the crop, when most of the applied CN was leached from the top 20 cm soil depth, a substantial N came from the PM mineralization through enhanced microbial activity by the addition of MBF. Lastly, the application of ON supplemented with MBF improved the rhizosphere soil properties, i.e. mineral N concentration, total N (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), soil respiration rate and enzymatic activity. A balanced and source conscious application of CN, ON and MBF reduced N losses and added a substantial amount of N into the soil N pool. We concluded that organic N combined with chemical N and MBF proved to be effective in improving soil properties ensuring less N loss and increasing oat production in the semi-arid region.

中文翻译：

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通过整合使用不同的氮源，以最小的间接氮损失和最大的氮利用效率提高裸燕麦（Avena nuda L.）的生产率。

燕麦（Avena nuda L.）是一种营养谷物，富含膳食纤维和植物化学物质。有效氮源和剂量的应用对于获得更高的农作物生产力和实现环境可持续性非常重要。天然有益微生物和有机氮与化学氮的结合将有效地促进土壤氮素的吸收。因此，在2016年和2017年进行了田间试验，目的是在不损害燕麦生产率的前提下，改善化学氮（CN）与有机氮（ON）和微生物肥料（MBF）的使用。T1 =对照，T2 = 100％CN，T3 = 100％CN + MBF，T4 = 75％CN + 25％ON + MBF，T5 = 50％CN + 50％ON + MBF，T6 = 100％ON + MBF，T7 = 100％ON是治疗。与这两年的其余处理相比，在提高生物量和谷物产量，氮素吸收和NUE方面，50％CN + 50％ON + MBF处理被证明是一种有效的组合。在作物的关键阶段，当大部分施用的CN从土壤表层20 cm深度浸出时，大量的N来自PM矿化，通过添加MBF增强了微生物的活性。最后，ON配以MBF的施用改善了根际土壤的特性，即矿质氮浓度，总氮（TN），土壤有机碳（SOC），微生物生物量碳（MBC），微生物生物量氮（MBN），土壤呼吸速率和酶活性。CN，ON和MBF的平衡和有源意识的应用减少了N的损失，并向土壤N池中添加了大量N。