The importance of the amygdala as a salience detector and in emotional learning is now well accepted. The mechanisms that regulate and inhibit the amygdala, however, are less well understood. This review provides evidence from imaging and lesion studies to support the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) as a moderator and inhibitor of the amygdala. The dual inhibition model centres on the broadly defined ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the distinct role of two of its subcomponents, the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. The dual inhibition model posits that these two regions, along with their associated inhibitory pathways, must interact for adequate inhibitory control of the amygdala and emotional regulation. Following a description of the model’s experimental support, it is then proposed as a neuropsychological mechanism for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Flashbacks, as a defining feature of PTSD, are described in terms of a subcortical orienting network. Finally, there is a discussion of how a neuropsychological understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might inform a clinician’s approach to treatment and how the dual inhibition model might have a more general application to understanding emotional dysregulation.

中文翻译：

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杏仁核和前额叶前内侧皮质在情绪调节中的作用：对创伤后应激障碍的影响。

杏仁核作为显着检测器和在情感学习中的重要性现已得到广泛接受。然而，调节和抑制杏仁核的机制尚不十分清楚。这篇综述提供了影像学和病变研究的证据，以支持腹侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC）作为杏仁核的调节剂和抑制剂的作用。的双重抑制上模型中心的广泛定义的腹内侧前额叶皮质（vmPFC）和它的两个子组件的独特作用，喙前扣带皮层和眶额皮质。在双重抑制模型认为这两个区域及其相关的抑制途径必须相互作用，以实现对杏仁核的充分抑制控制和情绪调节。在对模型的实验支持进行了描述之后，随后提出了将其作为创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的神经心理学机制。闪回作为PTSD的定义特征，是根据皮层下定向网络来描述的。最后，讨论了关于创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的神经心理学理解如何为临床医生的治疗方法提供指导，以及双重抑制模型如何在理解情绪失调方面更广泛地应用。