Processing rewarding and aversive signals lies at the core of many adaptive behaviors, including value-based decision making. The brain circuits processing these signals are widespread and include the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and striatum, and their dopaminergic innervation. In this review, we integrate historic findings on the behavioral and neural mechanisms of value-based decision making with recent, groundbreaking work in this area. On the basis of this integrated view, we discuss a neuroeconomic framework of value-based decision making, use this to explain the motivation to pursue rewards and how motivation relates to the costs and benefits associated with different courses of action. As such, we consider substance addiction and overeating as states of altered value-based decision making, in which the expectation of reward chronically outweighs the costs associated with substance use and food consumption, respectively. Together, this review aims to provide a concise and accessible overview of important literature on the neural mechanisms of behavioral adaptation to reward and aversion and how these mediate motivated behaviors.

中文翻译：

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奖励和厌恶如何影响动机和决策：计算帐户。

处理奖励和厌恶信号是许多适应行为的核心，包括基于价值的决策。处理这些信号的大脑回路非常广泛，包括前额叶皮层，杏仁核和纹状体及其多巴胺能神经支配。在这篇综述中，我们将基于价值的决策的行为和神经机制的历史发现与该领域的最新开创性工作相结合。在这种综合观点的基础上，我们讨论了基于价值的决策的神经经济学框架，以此来解释寻求奖励的动机，以及动机与不同行动方案相关的成本和收益之间的关系。因此，我们将物质成瘾和暴饮暴食视为基于价值的决策发生变化的状态，在这种情况下，对奖励的期望在长期上分别超过了与物质使用和食物消费相关的成本。总之，本综述旨在提供重要文献的简明易懂的概述，这些文献涉及为适应奖赏和厌恶而进行的行为适应的神经机制，以及这些媒介如何介导动机行为。