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Regulation of Sensing, Transportation, and Catabolism of Nitrogen Sources in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews ( IF 12.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-07 , DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00040-17
Weiping Zhang 1 , Guocheng Du 1, 2 , Jingwen Zhou 1 , Jian Chen 1, 2
Affiliation  

SUMMARY Nitrogen is one of the most important essential nutrient sources for biogenic activities. Regulation of nitrogen metabolism in microorganisms is complicated and elaborate. For this review, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was chosen to demonstrate the regulatory mechanism of nitrogen metabolism because of its relative clear genetic background. Current opinions on the regulation processes of nitrogen metabolism in S. cerevisiae, including nitrogen sensing, transport, and catabolism, are systematically reviewed. Two major upstream signaling pathways, the Ssy1-Ptr3-Ssy5 sensor system and the target of rapamycin pathway, which are responsible for sensing extracellular and intracellular nitrogen, respectively, are discussed. The ubiquitination of nitrogen transporters, which is the most general and efficient means for controlling nitrogen transport, is also summarized. The following metabolic step, nitrogen catabolism, is demonstrated at two levels: the transcriptional regulation process related to GATA transcriptional factors and the translational regulation process related to the general amino acid control pathway. The interplay between nitrogen regulation and carbon regulation is also discussed. As a model system, understanding the meticulous process by which nitrogen metabolism is regulated in S. cerevisiae not only could facilitate research on global regulation mechanisms and yeast metabolic engineering but also could provide important insights and inspiration for future studies of other common microorganisms and higher eukaryotic cells.



中文翻译:

酿酒酵母中氮源的传感,运输和分解代谢的调控

小结氮是生物活动最重要的必需营养素来源之一。微生物中氮代谢的调控复杂而复杂。在本综述中,由于其相对清晰的遗传背景,选择了酿酒酵母来证明氮代谢的调节机制。关于酿酒酵母氮代谢调控过程的最新见解包括氮感测,转运和分解代谢在内的系统综述。讨论了两个主要的上游信号传导途径,Ssy1-Ptr3-Ssy5传感器系统和雷帕霉素途径的靶标,它们分别负责感测细胞外和细胞内氮。还概述了氮转运蛋白的泛素化,这是控制氮转运的最通用,最有效的方法。以下两个代谢步骤,即氮分解代谢,在两个水平上得到证实:与GATA转录因子有关的转录调控过程和与一般氨基酸控制途径有关的翻译调控过程。还讨论了氮调节和碳调节之间的相互作用。作为模型系统,酿酒酵母不仅可以促进全球调控机制和酵母代谢工程的研究,而且还可以为其他常见微生物和高级真核细胞的未来研究提供重要的见识和启发。

更新日期:2018-02-09
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