Human actions are transforming ecosystems across the globe. Six frameworks aid in understanding the forces that drive human stress on the environment and human responses to this stress. Two of them, the stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology (STIRPAT) model and decomposition analysis, are approaches to analyzing data. Four describe the interrelated system of human actions and environmental responses: driving forces, pressures, states, impacts, responses (DPSIR); the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) framework; coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) and telecoupling; and social-ecological systems (SES). In applying these frameworks, attention must be given to the scale of analysis and to the effects of context. In addition to the frameworks there are four substantial research literatures providing theory and empirical analysis of how drivers place stress on the environment: a macrocomparative tradition, work on household energy consumption, land change science, and r...

中文翻译：

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21 世纪人类对环境压力的驱动因素

人类的行为正在改变全球的生态系统。六个框架有助于理解推动人类对环境产生压力的力量以及人类对这种压力的反应。其中两个，人口、富裕和技术回归（STIRPAT）模型和分解分析的随机影响是分析数据的方法。四个描述了人类行为和环境响应的相互关联系统：驱动力、压力、状态、影响、响应 (DPSIR)；千年生态系统评估（MA）框架；耦合人类和自然系统（CHANS）和远程耦合；和社会生态系统（SES）。在应用这些框架时，必须注意分析的规模和背景的影响。