The journey of Schwann cells from their origin in the neural crest to their ensheathment and myelination of peripheral nerves is a remarkable one. Their apparent static function in enabling saltatory conduction of mature nerve is not only vital for long-term health of peripheral nerve but also belies an innate capacity of terminally differentiated Schwann cells to radically alter their differentiation status in the face of nerve injury. The transition from migrating neural crest cells to nerve ensheathment, and then myelination of large diameter axons has been characterized extensively and several of the transcriptional networks have been identified. However, transcription factors must also modify chromatin structure during Schwann cell maturation and this review will focus on chromatin modification machinery that is involved in promoting the transition to, and maintenance of, myelinating Schwann cells. In addition, Schwann cells are known to play important regenerative roles after peripheral nerve injury, and information on epigenomic reprogramming of the Schwann cell genome has emerged. Characterization of epigenomic requirements for myelin maintenance and Schwann cell responses to injury will be vital in understanding how the various Schwann cell functions can be optimized to maintain and repair peripheral nerve function.

雪旺氏细胞从其起源于神经c到其周围神经的鞘化和髓鞘化的过程是一个了不起的过程。它们明显的静态功能有助于成熟神经的盐分传导，这不仅对周围神经的长期健康至关重要，而且掩盖了终末分化的雪旺细胞在面对神经损伤时从根本上改变其分化状态的先天能力。从迁移的神经c细胞到神经鞘的过渡，然后大直径轴突的髓鞘化已得到广泛的表征，并且已经鉴定出一些转录网络。然而，转录因子还必须在雪旺氏细胞成熟过程中修饰染色质结构，而本综述将集中于染色质修饰机制，该机制涉及促进向有髓雪旺氏细胞的过渡和维持。另外，已知雪旺氏细胞在周围神经损伤后起重要的再生作用，并且已经出现了有关雪旺氏细胞基因组的表观基因组重编程的信息。髓鞘维持和雪旺细胞对损伤反应的表观基因组学要求的表征对于理解如何优化各种雪旺细胞功能以维持和修复周围神经功能至关重要。关于雪旺氏细胞基因组的表观基因组重编程的信息已经出现。髓鞘维持和雪旺细胞对损伤反应的表观基因组学要求的表征对于理解如何优化各种雪旺细胞功能以维持和修复周围神经功能至关重要。关于雪旺氏细胞基因组的表观基因组重编程的信息已经出现。髓鞘维持和雪旺细胞对损伤反应的表观基因组学要求的表征对于理解如何优化各种雪旺细胞功能以维持和修复周围神经功能至关重要。