For the past three decades, the field of quantum dot research has been expanding enormously, owing to the unique dynamics of charge carriers in these tiny crystals. This review provides an overview of charge carrier dynamics in photoactivated quantum dots. Specifically, it deals with the exciton fine structure, multiple exciton generation and the origin and control of photoluminescence intermittency in cadmium and lead chalcogenide quantum dots. These properties are discussed within the framework of spectroscopy and microscopy of single and multiple exciton states. Finally, this review touches on the photoluminescence- and multiple exciton- based applications of quantum dots, such as lasing and high efficiency solar cells.

在过去的三十年中，由于这些微小晶体中载流子的独特动态，量子点研究领域得到了巨大的发展。这篇综述概述了光活化量子点中的载流子动力学。具体来说，它涉及激子的精细结构，多重激子的产生以及镉和硫族化物铅量子点中光致发光间歇性的起源和控制。这些性质在单激子态和多激子态的光谱学和显微镜学的框架内进行了讨论。最后，本文回顾了量子点的光致发光和基于多激子的应用，例如激光和高效太阳能电池。