Trichoderma species are opportunistic fungi residing primarily in soil, tree bark and on wild mushrooms. Trichoderma is capable of killing other fungi and penetrating plant roots, and is commonly used as both a biofungicide and inducer of plant defence against pathogens. These fungi also exert other beneficial effects on plants including growth promotion and tolerance to abiotic stresses, primarily mediated by their intimate interactions with roots. In root–microbe interactions (both beneficial and harmful), fungal secreted proteins play a crucial role in establishing contact with the roots, fungal attachment, root penetration and triggering of plant responses. In Trichoderma–root interactions, the sucrose present in root exudates has been demonstrated to be important in fungal attraction. Attachment to roots is mediated by hydrophobin-like proteins, and secreted swollenins and plant cell wall degrading enzymes facilitate internalization of the fungal hyphae. During the early stage of penetration, suppression of plant defence is vital to successful initial root colonisation; this is mediated by small soluble cysteine-rich secreted proteins (effector-like proteins). Up to this stage, Trichoderma's behaviour is similar to that of a plant pathogen invading root structures. However, subsequent events like oxidative bursts, the synthesis of salicylic acid by the plants, and secretion of elicitor-like proteins by Trichoderma spp. differentiate this fungus from pathogens. These processes induce immunity in plants that help counter subsequent invasion by plant pathogens and insects. In this review, we present an inventory of soluble secreted proteins from Trichoderma that might play an active role in beneficial Trichoderma–plant interactions, and review the function of such proteins where known.

木霉属物种是机会真菌，主要存在于土壤，树皮和野生蘑菇中。木霉能够杀死其他真菌并穿透植物根部，并且通常用作生物杀真菌剂和植物防御病原体的诱导剂。这些真菌还对植物产生其他有益作用，包括促进生长和对非生物胁迫的耐受性，这主要是由它们与根的紧密相互作用介导的。在根与微生物的相互作用中（有益和有害的），真菌分泌的蛋白质在建立与根的接触，真菌的附着，根的渗透和触发植物反应中起着至关重要的作用。在木霉属中–根相互作用，根分泌物中存在的蔗糖已被证明对真菌的吸引很重要。根系的附着是由疏水蛋白样蛋白介导的，分泌的膨胀素和植物细胞壁降解酶促进了真菌菌丝的内在化。在渗透的早期，抑制植物防御对于成功的初始根部定植至关重要。这是由少量富含可溶性半胱氨酸的分泌蛋白（类似效应子的蛋白）介导的。到此阶段，木霉的行为类似于入侵根部结构的植物病原体的行为。但是，随后发生的事件如氧化性爆发，植物合成水杨酸以及木霉分泌类激子样蛋白。spp。将此真菌与病原体区分开来。这些过程会诱导植物产生免疫力，从而有助于抵抗植物病原体和昆虫随后的入侵。在这篇综述中，我们列出了木霉属中可溶性分泌蛋白的清单，这些蛋白可能在有益的木霉菌-植物相互作用中起着积极的作用，并在已知的地方回顾了这些蛋白质的功能。